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Infectious Disease: Endemics

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Total 70 results found since Jan 2013.

Comparison of Adult Mosquito Black-Light and Light-Emitting Diode Traps at Three Cowsheds Located in Malaria-Endemic Areas of the Republic of Korea
Adult mosquito surveillance and field trials evaluated selected commercially available ultraviolet black-light (BL) and light-emitting diode (LED) traps at three sites where vivax malaria is endemic from May to October 2015 in northwestern Republic of Korea. Collections totaled 283,929 adult mosquitoes (280,355 [98.74%] females and 3,574 [1.26%] males) comprising 17 species (including six members of the Anopheles Hyrcanus Group) belonging to six genera. The four most predominant female species collected were Aedes vexans nipponii (Theobald) (83.84%), followed by Anopheles Hyrcanus Group (13.66%), Culex pipiens Group (1.67%...
Source: Journal of Medical Entomology - January 11, 2017 Category: Biology Authors: Kim, H.-C., Kim, M.-S., Choi, K.-S., Hwang, D.-U., Johnson, J. L., Klein, T. A. Tags: Vector-Borne Diseases, Surveillance, Prevention Source Type: research

Aspects on the Ecology of Phlebotomine Sand Flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) From Guarai, State of Tocantins, Brazil, Endemic Area for American Cutaneous Leishmaniasis
The objective of this study was to examine the seasonal and hourly frequency of sand fly species, focusing on the potential vectors of ACL, in a settlement in Guaraí (TO), an ACL transmission area. Sand flies were captured in forested area close to Pedra Branca Agricultural Project settlement, from March 2006 until December 2007, using Shannon trap. Monthly captures were made from 06:00 p.m. to 10:00 p.m., and 24-h captures were done twice per semester, from 06:00 a.m. to 06:00 a.m. A total of 10,089 specimens from 30 species were identified. Psychodopygus complexus Mangabeira, Psychodopygus llanosmartinsi Fraiha &a...
Source: Journal of Medical Entomology - January 11, 2017 Category: Biology Authors: Godoy, R. E., de Santana, A. L. F., Graser, C., Rangel, E. F., Vilela, M. L. Tags: Vector-Borne Diseases, Surveillance, Prevention Source Type: research

Molecular screening of Leishmania spp. infection and bloodmeals in sandflies from a leishmaniasis focus in southwestern Turkey
Abstract Leishmaniasis is an arthropod‐borne disease that affects approximately 2 million people worldwide annually. The aims of this study were to detect the presence of Leishmania (Kinetoplastida: Trypanosomatidae) DNA and the feeding preferences of probable vector species in an endemic focus of Leishmania infantum in Turkey. Entomological sampling was performed in August and October 2015 in Aydın province, where cases of human and canine leishmaniasis have been reported previously. A total of 1059 sandfly specimens comprising nine species belonging to two genera, Phlebotomus and Sergentomyia (both: Diptera: Psychodid...
Source: Medical and Veterinary Entomology - November 30, 2016 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: M. KARAKU Ş, M. PEKAĞ IRBA Ş, S. DEMIR, H. EREN, S. TÖZ, Y. ÖZBEL Tags: Short Communication Source Type: research

Evaluation of efficacy of impregnated curtains in experimental hen houses as a phlebotomine control tool in northeast Argentina
Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of insecticide‐impregnated curtains against the entry of phlebotomine (Diptera: Psychodidae) flies into experimental slatted hen houses in an area endemic for American cutaneous leishmaniasis (ACL). Three treatments in experimental dwellings containing three chickens each were applied using, respectively, an impregnated curtain (IC), a non‐impregnated curtain (NIC) and no curtain (NC). A control site without chickens (WC) was included. The study used permethrin at 0.05 g/m2. During each month for 1 year, each experimental hen house randomly received a...
Source: Medical and Veterinary Entomology - November 30, 2016 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: M. MANTECA ACOSTA, M. S. SANTINI, A. A. P ÉREZ, O. D. SALOMÓN Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

Rickettsia (Rickettsiales: Rickettsiaceae) Vector Biodiversity in High Altitude Atlantic Forest Fragments Within a Semiarid Climate: A New Endemic Area of Spotted-Fever in Brazil
This study reports, for the first time, evidence of infection with Rickettsia sp. strain Atlantic rainforest in A. ovale and R. sanguineus in Ceará, and Ca. R. andeanae in an Atlantic rainforest environment of Brazil.
Source: Journal of Medical Entomology - November 11, 2016 Category: Biology Authors: Moerbeck, L., Vizzoni, V. F., Machado-Ferreira, E., Cavalcante, R. C., Oliveira, S. V., Soares, C. A. G., Amorim, M., Gazeta, G. S. Tags: Vector-Borne Diseases, Surveillance, Prevention Source Type: research

Skin artefacts due to post-mortem damage caused by Notiothauma reedi: A insect of forensic importance in forest communities of Chile
This study provides preliminary results on the role of this species in the decomposition of carcasses in native forests and exotic plantations in southern Chile and on the skin lesions that it causes, which should be taken into account when cadavers are found under conditions similar to those described above. In light of these findings, N. reedi could be a new bioindicator of forensic utility in the forest communities of southern Chile.
Source: Egyptian Journal of Forensic Sciences - July 24, 2016 Category: Forensic Medicine Source Type: research

Geographical Variation of Deltamethrin Susceptibility of Triatoma infestans (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) in Argentina With Emphasis on a Resistant Focus in the Gran Chaco
Chagas disease is one of the most important parasitic infections in Latin America. The main vector of the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi in America is Triatoma infestans, a blood-sucking triatomine bug who is widely distributed in the Gran Chaco ecoregion. Control programs in endemic countries are focused in the elimination of triatomine vectors with pyrethroid insecticides. However, chemical control has failed in the Gran Chaco over the last two decades because of several factors. Previous studies have reported the evolution of different levels of resistance to deltamethrin in Tri. infestans. Recently, very high resistance h...
Source: Journal of Medical Entomology - June 29, 2016 Category: Biology Authors: Fronza, G., Toloza, A. C., Picollo, M. I., Spillmann, C., Mougabure-Cueto, G. A. Tags: Vector Control, Pest Management, Resistance, Repellents Source Type: research

Diversity of Sand Flies (Diptera: Psychodidae: Phlebotominae) in Two Different Eco-Climatic and Endemic Zones of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Mali, West Africa
Being the only established vectors of the protozoan parasites of the genus Leishmania, sand flies have become very important in all countries where leishmaniasis exists. To better understand the sand fly fauna, a taxonomic inventory study was carried out between January and March 2012 in Soudan savannah (Boundioba, Sikasso) and Sahelian (Tieneguebougou, Koulikoro) areas of Mali. CDC light traps were used to collect the sand flies. Collected sand flies specimens were cleaned with lacto-phenol and examined under a light microscope for species identification. In total, 14 species belonging to the genera Phlebotomus and Sergen...
Source: Journal of Medical Entomology - June 29, 2016 Category: Biology Authors: Coulibaly, C. A., Sissoko, I., Traore, B., Diallo, A., Samake, S., Traore, S. F., Doumbia, S. Tags: Vector/Pathogen/Host Interaction, Transmission Source Type: research

Musserellus gen. nov., and Five New Species of Fleas (Siphonaptera: Stivaliidae) From Murid Rodents in Sulawesi and West Papua, Indonesia
A new stivaliid flea genus, Musserellus, and five new species are described. The new genus is compared with its closest morphological relatives, the genera Rectidigitus Holland and Metastivalius Holland. Musserellus vanpeeneni sp. nov., Musserellus wattsi sp. nov., Musserellus whitei sp. nov., and Musserellus marshalli sp. nov. are described from endemic murid rodents in Sulawesi, Indonesia, while Musserellus dunneti sp. nov. is described from Rattus rattus in West Papua, Indonesia. Host associations and the biogeographical relevance of the faunal connection between Sulawesi and New Guinea shown by Musserellus are briefly discussed.
Source: Journal of Medical Entomology - May 19, 2016 Category: Biology Authors: Mardon, D. K., Durden, L. A. Tags: Morphology, Systematics, Evolution Source Type: research

The Incidence and Differential Seasonal Patterns of Plasmodium vivax Primary Infections and Relapses in a Cohort of Children in Papua New Guinea
by Amanda Ross, Cristian Koepfli, Sonja Schoepflin, Lincoln Timinao, Peter Siba, Thomas Smith, Ivo Mueller, Ingrid Felger, Marcel Tanner Plasmodium vivax has the ability to relapse from dormant parasites in the liver weeks or months after inoculation, causing further blood-stage infection and potential onward transmission. Estimates of the force of blood-stage infections arising from primary infections and relapses are important for designing intervention strategies. However, in endemic settings their relative contributions are unclear. Infections are frequently asymptomatic, many individuals harbor multiple infections, a...
Source: PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases - May 3, 2016 Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: Amanda Ross Source Type: research

Comparative analysis of midgut bacterial communities in three aedine mosquito species from dengue ‐endemic and non‐endemic areas of Rajasthan, India
Abstract Dengue viruses are transmitted to humans through the bites of infected female aedine mosquitoes. Differences in the composition and structure of bacterial communities in the midguts of mosquitoes may affect the vector's ability to transmit the disease. To investigate and analyse the role of midgut bacterial communities in viral transmission, midgut bacteria from three species, namely Stegomyia aegypti (= Aedes aegypti), Fredwardsius vittatus (= Aedes vittatus) and Stegomyia albopicta (= Aedes albopictus) (all: Diptera: Culicidae), from dengue‐endemic and non‐endemic areas of Rajasthan, India were compared. Con...
Source: Medical and Veterinary Entomology - April 19, 2016 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: S. S. CHARAN, K. D. PAWAR, S. D. GAVHALE, C. V. TIKHE, N. S. CHARAN, B. ANGEL, V. JOSHI, M. S. PATOLE, Y. S. SHOUCHE Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

Analysis of Amblyomma sculptum haplotypes in an area endemic for Brazilian spotted fever
In this study, the genetic diversity of A. sculptum populations in the state of Rio de Janeiro (RJ), Brazil, was investigated because genetic variability in tick populations may be related to vector competence. Samples of A. sculptum from 19 municipalities in 7 regions of RJ were subjected to DNA extraction, amplification and sequencing of D‐loop, cytochrome oxidase II and 12S rDNA mitochondrial genes. These sequences were used to map the genetic diversity of this tick. Amblyomma sculptum populations are genetically diverse in RJ, especially in the South Centre and Highland regions. Few unique haplotypes were observe...
Source: Medical and Veterinary Entomology - February 29, 2016 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: K. BITENCOURTH, C. M. VOLOCH, N. M. SERRA‐FREIRE, E. MACHADO‐FERREIRA, M. AMORIM, G. S. GAZÊTA Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

Comparative analysis of midgut bacterial communities in three aedine mosquito species from dengue‐endemic and non‐endemic areas of Rajasthan, India
Abstract Dengue viruses are transmitted to humans through the bites of infected female aedine mosquitoes. Differences in the composition and structure of bacterial communities in the midguts of mosquitoes may affect the vector's ability to transmit the disease. To investigate and analyse the role of midgut bacterial communities in viral transmission, midgut bacteria from three species, namely Stegomyia aegypti (= Aedes aegypti), Fredwardsius vittatus (= Aedes vittatus) and Stegomyia albopicta (= Aedes albopictus) (all: Diptera: Culicidae), from dengue‐endemic and non‐endemic areas of Rajasthan, India were compared. Con...
Source: Medical and Veterinary Entomology - February 29, 2016 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: S. S. CHARAN, K. D. PAWAR, S. D. GAVHALE, C. V. TIKHE, N. S. CHARAN, B. ANGEL, V. JOSHI, M. S. PATOLE, Y. S. SHOUCHE Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

Host preferences in host‐seeking and blood‐fed mosquitoes in Switzerland
Abstract The avian zoonotic agent for West Nile virus (WNV) can cause neuroinvasive disease in horses and humans and is expanding its range in Europe. Analyses of the risk for transmission to these hosts in non‐endemic areas are necessary. Host preferences of mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae), the main vectors of WNV, were determined in Switzerland using animal‐baited trap (horse, chickens) experiments at a natural and a periurban site. This was undertaken on four occasions during May–September 2014. In addition, the hosts of 505 blood‐fed mosquitoes collected in a zoo and in the field were determined. Mosquito data ...
Source: Medical and Veterinary Entomology - December 21, 2015 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: A. C. SCHÖNENBERGER, S. WAGNER, H. C. TUTEN, F. SCHAFFNER, P. TORGERSON, S. FURRER, A. MATHIS, C. SILAGHI Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

Seasonal Activity, Density, and Collection Efficiency of the Blacklegged Tick (Ixodes scapularis) (Acari: Ixodidae) in Mid-Western Pennsylvania
Although Pennsylvania has recently reported the greatest number of Lyme disease cases in the United States, with the largest increase for PA occurring in its western region, the population biology of the blacklegged tick (Ixodes scapularis Say) has not been adequately characterized in western PA. We studied the seasonal activity of host-seeking I. scapularis larvae, nymphs, and adults in mid-western PA over the course of a year, including a severe winter, and determined their absolute densities and collection efficiencies using replicated mark-release-recapture or removal methods. Our results are compared to those from sim...
Source: Journal of Medical Entomology - November 5, 2015 Category: Biology Authors: Simmons, T. W., Shea, J., Myers-Claypole, M. A., Kruise, R., Hutchinson, M. L. Tags: Population and Community Ecology Source Type: research