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Source: Cancer Research
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Total 807 results found since Jan 2013.
Abstract 2337: ADAM17 mediation of cancer stem cell-ness and chemo-resistance in colorectal cancer
INTRODUCTION: Despite the multitude of drug options, most patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) die within 3 years of diagnosis. Response to systemic therapy is not durable (
Source: Cancer Research - August 2, 2015 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Wang, R., Fan, F., Boulbes, D., Bhattacharya, R., Ye, X.-C., Xia, L., Ellis, L. Tags: Tumor Biology Source Type: research
Abstract 2389: Eps8: a negative regulator of myofibroblast differentiation and function
In this study we investigate the mechanisms regulating myofibroblast differentiation and function, and identify the adapter protein Epidermal growth factor receptor kinase substrate 8 (Eps8) as a negative regulator of the cancer-associated myofibroblast phenotype.Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are a heterogenous, poorly defined cell population. Most commonly CAFs are identified by de novo expression of α-smooth muscle actin (αSMA) incorporated into stress fibres generating enhanced contractility, which is associated with an enhanced secretory profile. Myofibroblasts promote a number of the hallmarks of malignancy, ...
Source: Cancer Research - August 2, 2015 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Frampton, S. J., Jenei, V., Mellone, M., Hanley, C. J., Rucka, M. M., Tod, J., Moutasim, K. A., King, E. V., Thomas, G. Tags: Tumor Biology Source Type: research
Abstract 2679: Overexpression of Mcl-1 confers resistance to BRAFV600E inhibitors alone and in combination with MEK1/2 inhibitors in melanoma
Melanoma harboring BRAF mutations frequently develop resistance to BRAF inhibitors, limiting the impact of treatment. The most prevalent mechanisms of acquired resistance appear to reactivate MAPK pathway. Furthermore, relatively little is known about the determinants of de novo resistance. Here, we establish such a mechanism of resistance and subsequently identified a suitable drug combination to overcome the resistance. Single treatment of BRAF mutant melanoma cell lines with vemurafenib or dabrafenib (BRAF inhibitors) alone or in combination with trametinib (MEK1/2 inhibitor) resulted in overexpression of Mcl-1. Overexp...
Source: Cancer Research - August 2, 2015 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Fofaria, N. M., Frederick, D. T., Sullivan, R. J., Flaherty, K. T., Srivastava, S. K. Tags: Experimental and Molecular Therapeutics Source Type: research
Abstract 2844: RNA interference kinome-wide screen reveals a role for PDK1 in acquired resistance to CDK4/6 inhibition ER-positive breast cancer
Background: Small molecule inhibitors that target the CDK4/6/cyclinD1 pathway are in clinical development. Clinical trials combining the CDK4/6 inhibitor pallbociclib and the aromatase inhibitor letrozole have demonstrated significantly improved clinical outcomes in patients with ER-positive breast cancer. This combination is likely to be approved for the treatment of patients with this breast cancer subtype. However, as for other targeted therapies, development of resistance to CDK4/6 inhibitors in a significant fraction of patients is anticipated. Therefore, there is a need to develop potent therapeutic strategies to cir...
Source: Cancer Research - August 2, 2015 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Jansen, V. M., Bhola, N. E., Bauer, J. A., Arteaga, C. L. Tags: Experimental and Molecular Therapeutics Source Type: research
Abstract 3024: Lack of CK1{delta} increases DNA damage and genomic instability due to defects in DNA repair and mitotic checkpoints
Casein kinase 1 delta (CK1δ) is a conserved serine/threonine protein kinase that regulates diverse cellular processes including vesicle trafficking and circadian rhythm. We previously reported that CK1δ is a mediator of Wnt-3a-dependent neurite outgrowth (Greer and Rubin, JCB, 2011) and ciliogenesis (Greer et al. MBoC, 2014). Mice that lack Csnk1d exhibit a perinatal lethal phenotype and typically weigh 30-50% less than their wild type littermates, however, the exact causes of death and small size are unknown. We hypothesized that the absence of CK1δ contributes to cellular stresses that adversely affect cell survival. ...
Source: Cancer Research - August 2, 2015 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Greer, Y. E., Gao, B., Yang, Y., Lipkowitz, S., Rubin, J. S. Tags: Molecular and Cellular Biology Source Type: research
Abstract 3045: Novel altered mitochondrial genes in prostate cancer progression
Conclusions: We have identified mitochondria genes that are differentially expressed in PCa cells lines and prostatectomy tissues with different malignancy phenotypes. These findings are currently being validated using disease stratified TMAs. Further studies are focusing on uncovering the mechanisms responsible for progression and metastasis of PCa that are modulated by mitochondria associated genes. These could assist in the development of novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for the disease.Citation Format: Tanya C. Burch, J S. Rhim, Julius O. Nyalwidhe. Novel altered mitochondrial genes in prostate cancer progre...
Source: Cancer Research - August 2, 2015 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Burch, T. C., Rhim, J. S., Nyalwidhe, J. O. Tags: Molecular and Cellular Biology Source Type: research
Abstract 3320: Identification of potential molecular targets related to radioresistance in human oral cancers
In India, oral cancer is the most common cancer in males and ranks third among females, attributed predominantly to the use of smokeless tobacco. Radiotherapy is an integral part of oral cancer treatment either alone or in combination with surgery and chemotherapy. However the development of radioresistance creates a hurdle in the efficacy of radiotherapy. Therefore, exploring the differential molecular profile of established radioresistant versus parental oral cancer cells may help in predicting the clinical effectiveness of radiotherapy.The present study aims to profile the radioresistant cell lines established by low do...
Source: Cancer Research - August 2, 2015 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Teni, T. R., Yasser, M., Pawar, S. Tags: Tumor Biology Source Type: research
Abstract 3368: Sustained adrenergic signaling activates pro-inflammatory prostaglandin network in ovarian carcinoma
Conclusion Increased adrenergic stimulation results in a pro-inflammatory milieu mediated by prostaglandins that drives tumor progression and metastasis in ovarian cancer.Citation Format: Archana S. Nagaraja, Piotr Dorniak, Nouara Sadaoui, Guillermo Armaiz-Pena, Behrouz Zand, Sherry Y. Wu, Julie K. Allen, Rajesha Rupaimoole, Cristian Rodriguez-Aguayo, Sunila Pradeep, Lin Tan, Rebecca A. Previs, Jean M. Hansen, Peiying Yang, Garbiel Lopez-Berestein, Susan K. Lutgendorf, Steve Cole, Anil K. Sood. Sustained adrenergic signaling activates pro-inflammatory prostaglandin network in ovarian carcinoma. [abstract]. In: Proceedings ...
Source: Cancer Research - August 2, 2015 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Nagaraja, A. S., Dorniak, P., Sadaoui, N., Armaiz-Pena, G., Zand, B., Wu, S. Y., Allen, J. K., Rupaimoole, R., Rodriguez-Aguayo, C., Pradeep, S., Tan, L., Previs, R. A., Hansen, J. M., Yang, P., Lopez-Berestein, G., Lutgendorf, S. K., Cole, S., Sood, A. K Tags: Tumor Biology Source Type: research
Abstract 3557: Cancerous inhibitor of PP2A is a novel molecular target and resistance factor of Lapatinib
This study aimed to investigate the role of CIP2A in Lapatinib-mediated inhibition of erbB-2 overexpressing breast cancer cells. Our data showed that Lapatinib downregulated CIP2A in erbB-2 overexpressing SK-BR-3 and 78617 cells, which was correlated with concurrent inactivation of erbB-2, EGFR, Akt, Erk1/2 and mTOR. Overexpression of CIP2A rendered the cells resistant to Lapatinib induced apoptosis and growth inhibition. Conversely, CIP2A knockdown via siRNA sensitized the cells to Lapatinib-mediated effects. We also demonstrated that Lapatinib-induced downregulation of CIP2A can be abolished by LY294002, suggesting that ...
Source: Cancer Research - August 2, 2015 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Zhao, M., Blackwelder, A., Lee, H., Yang, X. Tags: Experimental and Molecular Therapeutics Source Type: research
Abstract 3559: Ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase L1 (UCHL1) modulates uterine papillary serous cancer progression through interaction with cyclin B1
Conclusion:These findings indicate that UCHL1 contributes to the aggressiveness of UPSC by stabilizing cyclin B1 and increasing cell proliferation, suggesting that it may be a therapeutic target for UPSC.Citation Format: Suet Ying Kwan, Samuel C. Mok, Kwong-Kwok Wong, Rosemarie E. Schmandt, Karen H. Lu. Ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase L1 (UCHL1) modulates uterine papillary serous cancer progression through interaction with cyclin B1. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):...
Source: Cancer Research - August 2, 2015 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Kwan, S. Y., Mok, S. C., Wong, K.-K., Schmandt, R. E., Lu, K. H. Tags: Experimental and Molecular Therapeutics Source Type: research
Abstract 3613: P300 inhibition enhances cytotoxic effect of Gemcitabine through E2F1 activation in pancreatic cancer
Background:Transcriptional cofactor, P300 has been reported to regulate cell cycle on G1/S transition. Previously, we shown that prolonged S-phase is associated with increased apoptosis induced by Gemcitabine (GEM) in pancreatic cancer cells. Thus, we hypothesized that targeting P300 enhances the cytotoxic effect of GEM on pancreatic cancer.Methods:We studied 2 human pancreatic cancer cell lines, Panc1 and MIAPaCa2. P300 was gene-silenced using siRNA, and P300 histone acetyltransferase (HAT) activity was inhibited by specific inhibitor C646. Cell viability was measured by WST-8 assay and GEM-induced apoptosis was measured ...
Source: Cancer Research - August 2, 2015 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Ono, H., Basson, M. D., Ito, H. Tags: Experimental and Molecular Therapeutics Source Type: research
Abstract 3616: Development of a Sox2 targeting therapy for the treatment of lung squamous cell carcinoma
Despite the recent development of several effective molecular targeted agents, lung cancer is the most common cause of cancer related deaths worldwide. Recently, molecular targeted therapies for pulmonary adenocarcinoma with mutant EGFR or ALK fusions have reduced non-tumor toxicity and have extended patient survival time compared to conventional chemotherapies. However, the development of molecular targeting drugs for NSCLC has made apparent the fact that histology is an important factor and molecularly targeted therapies have been more effective in pulmonary adenocarcinoma than in lung squamous cell carcinoma. Therefore,...
Source: Cancer Research - August 2, 2015 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Ishida, N., Fukazawa, T., Takaoka, M., Yamatsuji, T., Morita, I., Haisa, M., Takaoka, N., Naomoto, Y. Tags: Experimental and Molecular Therapeutics Source Type: research
Abstract 3617: Inhibition of KLF4 expression in resistant B-NHL cell lines inhibited cell growth and sensitized the cells to drug-induced apoptosis
In conclusion, the overexpression of KLF4 may be responsible, in part, in the pathogenesis, malignancy, and drug resistance of B-NHL lymphomas. In addition, the present findings suggest that the chemical inhibition of KLF4 by Kenpaullone treatment or the inhibition of YY1 may be considered as targets for therapeutic intervention in the treatment of B-lymphoma overexpressing KLF4, when used alone or in combination with sub-toxic chemo/immune-drugs. Current studies are evaluating the role of KLF4 inhibition in vivo using B-NHL tumor xenografts models.Citation Format: Mayra R. Montecillo-Aguado, Gabriel G. Vega, Hector Mayani...
Source: Cancer Research - August 2, 2015 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Montecillo–Aguado, M. R., Vega, G. G., Mayani, H., Huerta–Yepez, S., Hernandez–Pando, R., Martinez–Maza, O., Bonavida, B., Vega, M. I. Tags: Experimental and Molecular Therapeutics Source Type: research
Abstract 4142: A role for apolipoprotein E in invasion in oral squamous cell carcinoma
Oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCC) have a poor patient prognosis, which is attributed to their invasive nature. Our goal was to identify a novel gene that is important in OSCC invasion. We utilized genome-wide expression data generated from OSCC patient tumor samples with varying degrees of invasiveness, as measured by the histological parameter worst pattern of invasion (WPOI). RNA extracted from tumors that were classified as either WPOI 5 or WPOI 3, two categories of tumors that have been previously shown to correlate with local recurrence and poor overall survival, were evaluated utilizing two microarray platforms. W...
Source: Cancer Research - August 2, 2015 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Jayakar, S. K., Loudig, O. D., Brandwein-Gensler, M., Kim, R., Ow, T. J., Prystowsky, M. B., Childs, G., Segall, J. E., Belbin, T. J. Tags: Tumor Biology Source Type: research
Abstract 4170: The role of VEGF-C for cell viability, tumor growth and bevacizumab resistance in glioblastoma multiforme
In conclusion, our current results show that VEGF-C is of importance for GBM cell viability and tumor growth presumable due to its ability to stimulate autocrine activation of VEGFR2. VEGF-C expression therefore could respresent a possible mechanism behind Bevacizumab resistance. An update on this will be presented.Citation Format: Signe R. Michaelsen, Mette K. Nedergaard, Thomas Urup, Mette Villingshoej, Andreas Kjaer, Lara Perryman, Janine T. Erler, Ulrik Lassen, Hans S. Poulsen. The role of VEGF-C for cell viability, tumor growth and bevacizumab resistance in glioblastoma multiforme. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 1...
Source: Cancer Research - August 2, 2015 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Michaelsen, S. R., Nedergaard, M. K., Urup, T., Villingshoej, M., Kjaer, A., Perryman, L., Erler, J. T., Lassen, U., Poulsen, H. S. Tags: Tumor Biology Source Type: research
