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Total 16393 results found since Jan 2013.

High versus low-added sugar consumption for the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease
CONCLUSIONS: No trials investigating the effect of added sugar on cardiovascular events or all-cause mortality were identified in our searches. Evidence is uncertain whether low intake of added sugar has an effect on risk factors for CVD; the effect was small and the clinical relevance is, therefore, uncertain. Practical ways to achieve reductions in dietary added sugar includes following current dietary recommendations. Future trials should have longer follow-up time and report on all-cause mortality and cardiovascular events in order to clarify the effect of added sugar on these outcomes. Future trials should also aim fo...
Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews - January 5, 2022 Category: General Medicine Authors: Sara Bergwall Anna Johansson Emily Sonestedt Stefan Acosta Source Type: research

Interventions for increasing solid organ donor registration
CONCLUSIONS: In our review, we identified a variety of approaches used to increase organ donor registration including school-based educational sessions and videos, leveraging peer leaders in the community, DMV staff training, targeted messaging and priming. The variability in outcome measures used and incompleteness in reporting meant that most data could not be combined for analysis. When data were combined, overall effect sizes were small in favour of intervention groups over controls, however, there was significant variability in the data. There was some evidence that leveraging peer-leaders in the community to deliver ...
Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews - May 24, 2022 Category: General Medicine Authors: Alvin H Li Marcus Lo Jacob E Crawshaw Alexie J Dunnett Kyla L Naylor Amit X Garg Justin Presseau Source Type: research

Digital technology for monitoring adherence to inhaled therapies in people with cystic fibrosis
CONCLUSIONS: Digital monitoring plus tailored support via an online platform probably improves adherence to inhaled therapies and reduces treatment burden (but without a corresponding change in QoL) in the medium term (low- and moderate-certainty evidence). In a shorter time frame, technological enhancement of inhaling antibiotics may improve adherence to treatment (low-certainty evidence). There may be little or no effect on lung function with either intervention, and online monitoring probably makes no difference to pulmonary exacerbations. Future research should assess the effect of digital technology on adherence in bo...
Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews - February 3, 2023 Category: General Medicine Authors: Sherie Smith Rebecca Calthorpe Sophie Herbert Alan R Smyth Source Type: research

Erythropoiesis-stimulating agents for anaemia in adults with chronic kidney disease: a network meta-analysis
CONCLUSIONS: The comparative effects of different ESAs on blood transfusions, death (any cause and cardiovascular), major cardiovascular events, myocardial infarction, stroke, vascular access thrombosis, kidney failure, fatigue and breathlessness were uncertain.PMID:36791280 | PMC:PMC9924302 | DOI:10.1002/14651858.CD010590.pub3
Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews - February 15, 2023 Category: General Medicine Authors: Edmund Ym Chung Suetonia C Palmer Valeria M Saglimbene Jonathan C Craig Marcello Tonelli Giovanni Fm Strippoli Source Type: research

Early versus late removal of urinary catheter after kidney transplantation
CONCLUSIONS: A high-quality, well-designed RCT is required to compare the effectiveness of early catheter removal versus late catheter removal in patients following a kidney transplant. At the present time, there is insufficient evidence to suggest any difference between early and late catheter removal post-transplant, and the studies investigating this were generally of poor quality.PMID:37449968 | PMC:PMC10347544 | DOI:10.1002/14651858.CD013788.pub2
Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews - July 14, 2023 Category: General Medicine Authors: Michael Goodfellow Emily R Thompson Samuel J Tingle Colin Wilson Source Type: research

Interventions for improving adherence to airway clearance treatment and exercise in people with cystic fibrosis
CONCLUSIONS: We are uncertain whether a music-based motivational intervention may increase adherence to ACTs or affect the risk of hospitalisation for a respiratory infection. We are also uncertain whether an educational intervention increases adherence to exercise or reduces the frequency of respiratory infection-related hospital admission. However, these results are largely based on self-reported data and the impact of strategies to improve adherence to ACT and exercise in children and adolescents with stable CF remains inconclusive. Given that adherence to ACT and exercise therapy are fundamental to the clinical managem...
Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews - July 18, 2023 Category: General Medicine Authors: Mandy Jones Fiona Moffatt Alex Harvey Jennifer M Ryan Source Type: research

Interventions for Prevention of Intimate Partner Violence Against Women in Humanitarian Settings: A Protocol for a Systematic Review
The objective of the systematic review is to identify existing IPV prevention interventions, strategies and programs among refugee, internally displaced, or conflict-affected female in humanitarian settings; and to assess their effects. It will seek to answer the following questions: What are the existing types of intervention for primary or secondary prevention of IPV against women in humanitarian settings? What is the effect of various types of interventions on prevention or reduction of physical, sexual or emotional IPV in humanitarian settings? How do various types of intervention related to IPV affect he...
Source: PLOS Currents Disasters - July 12, 2017 Category: International Medicine & Public Health Authors: Marjan Delkhosh Source Type: research

Enteral zinc supplementation for prevention of morbidity and mortality in preterm neonates
CONCLUSIONS: Enteral supplementation of zinc in preterm infants compared to no supplementation or placebo may moderately decrease mortality and probably improve short-term weight gain and linear growth, but may have little or no effect on common morbidities of prematurity. There are no data to assess the effect of zinc supplementation on long-term neurodevelopment.PMID:33710626 | DOI:10.1002/14651858.CD012797.pub2
Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews - March 12, 2021 Category: General Medicine Authors: Eveline Staub Katrina Evers Lisa M Askie Source Type: research

Interventions for preventing thrombosis in solid organ transplant recipients
CONCLUSIONS: Overall, there is a paucity of research in the field of graft thrombosis prevention. Due to a lack of high quality evidence, it remains unclear whether any therapy is able to reduce the rate of early graft thrombosis in any type of solid organ transplant. UFH may increase the risk of major bleeding in kidney transplant recipients, however this is based on low certainty evidence. There is no evidence from RCTs to guide anti-thrombotic strategies in liver, heart, lung, or other solid organ transplants. Further studies are required in comparing anticoagulants, antiplatelets to placebo in solid organ transplantati...
Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews - March 15, 2021 Category: General Medicine Authors: Vignesh Surianarayanan Thomas J Hoather Samuel J Tingle Emily R Thompson John Hanley Colin H Wilson Source Type: research

Landscape of WASH-relevant Training for Humanitarian Emergencies
In this study the terms “certificates” and “certification” are used as defined elsewhere7. The professionalisation of the humanitarian sector is currently being discussed6. Relevant professional qualifications for WASH professionals are varied (e.g. engineers, social sciences, environmental or public health related disciplines), thus the professionalisation of humanitarian WASH workers may be a challenge. Moreover, many of such professionals are frequently certified through other professional organisations usually at a national level. On the other hand, minimum standards in humanitarian WASH interventions do exist9...
Source: PLOS Currents Disasters - May 11, 2015 Category: Global & Universal Authors: Caetano Source Type: research

Application of Behavioral Theories to Disaster and Emergency Health Preparedness: A Systematic Review
CONCLUSIONS Based on the articles archived and selected, behavioral theories and models are applied to disasters and emergencies preparedness more commonly in developed countries (USA and Europe). In Asia, where the annual number of disasters events and victims exceed those in other continents, only 3 studies applying behavioral theories and models to disasters and emergencies were identifies. This identified a need for additional research to target the use of behavioral change theories in the Asian countries that bear the brunt of disasters and their consequences. This does not, however, mean that these theories have not ...
Source: PLOS Currents Disasters - July 1, 2015 Category: Global & Universal Authors: Luche Tadesse Ejeta Source Type: research

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