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What Are the Classifications of Perinatal Stroke?
Discussion Perinatal stroke occurs in about 1:1000 live births and is a “focal vascular injury from the fetal period to 28 days postnatal age.” Perinatal stroke is the most common cause of hemiparetic cerebral palsy and causes other significant morbidity including cognitive deficits, learning disabilities, motor problems, sensory problems including visual and hearing disorders, epilepsy, and behavioral and psychological problems. Family members are also affected because of the potential anxiety and guilt feelings that having a child with a stroke presents, along with the care that may be needed over the child&#...
Source: PediatricEducation.org - May 1, 2023 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Pediatric Education Tags: Uncategorized Source Type: news

What are Some Risk Factors for Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy Outcomes?
Discussion “Neonatal encephalopathy, manifesting as altered responsiveness, seizures, apnea and abnormal muscle tone and reflexes, resulting from hypoxic-ischemic injury is termed hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE).” Neonatal encephalopathy can be associated with other problems including stroke, hemorrhage, infection, pre-term brain injury and hypoglycemia as some examples. Sometimes more than one of these entities occurs simultaneously such as hypoglycemia and HIE. HIE can result in long-term neurological problems including motor, behavioral, and cognitive problems that can become apparent even years later....
Source: PediatricEducation.org - December 13, 2021 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Pediatric Education Tags: Uncategorized Source Type: news

Behavioral characteristics of children with sickle cell disease
Conclusions: Behavioral impacts are highly prevalent in children with SCD. Individuals in socioeconomic classes C2 and D suffered more behavioral impacts than individuals in classes B2 and C1.RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar aspectos sociodemogr áficos e clínicos de crianças com doença falciforme (DF) e suas características comportamentais. Métodos: Aplicação de entrevista sobre aspectos socioeconômicos e outras condições de saúde e do questionário de capacidades e dificuldades (SDQ) em pais de pacientes de quatro a dez anos com DF, em um ambulatório de referência. Dados clínicos foram obtidos dos prontuários méd...
Source: Revista Paulista de Pediatria - August 13, 2020 Category: Pediatrics Source Type: research

What Types of Memory Impairments are There in Children?
Discussion Memory is an important part of what distinguishes higher order species from others. Memory also is part of one’s self-identity. Difficulties in short-term memory can make common, everyday tasks difficult for the person experiencing the problem particularly if it recently occurred and the person’s long-term memory is intact. Difficulties with long-term memory can also have problems when language, events or even one’s own identity are affected. For some people the memory loss is temporary but for others, memory impairments are permanent and must be accepted and accommodated as part of the overall...
Source: PediatricEducation.org - March 30, 2020 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Pediatric Education Tags: Uncategorized Source Type: news

What Are Some Risk Factors for Cerebral Palsy?
Discussion The term, cerebral palsy, or CP has gone through many iterations with the first description in 1861 by W.J. Little who described it as “The condition of spastic rigidity of the limbs of newborn children.” The most recent definition is from Rosenbaun et al. in 2007 which states it is “a group of permanent disorders of the development of movement and posture, causing activity limitation, that are attributed to non-progressive disturbances that occurred in the developing fetal or infant brain. The motor disorders of cerebral palsy are often accompanied by disturbances of sensation, perception, cog...
Source: PediatricEducation.org - March 9, 2020 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Pediatric Education Tags: Uncategorized Source Type: news

Using animal models to improve care of neonatal encephalopathy
Introduction Neonatal encephalopathy (NE) is responsible for a significant burden of disability and death worldwide.1 The use of animal models in the study of perinatal hypoxia-ischaemia (HI) has a history of over 200 years; studies initially showed that the premature animal is more tolerant of asphyxia than a term animal, which is in turn more resistant to asphyxia than an adult.2 3 In the 1950s to the 1970s, studies in the primate model showed that the pattern of brain injury was clearly influenced by the severity and type of HI; these studies led to a description of two patterns of injury, namely acute total asphyx...
Source: Archives of Disease in Childhood - Education and Practice - September 19, 2016 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Lingam, I., Avdic-Belltheus, A., Robertson, N. J. Tags: Clinical trials (epidemiology), Neurological injury, Stroke, Child health, Neonatal and paediatric intensive care, Neonatal health, Experiments in vivo, Trauma, Injury Research in practice Source Type: research

Answers to Epilogue questions
AnswersQuestion 1: C Unenhanced CT examination of the brain revealed extensive thrombosis in the superior sagittal, straight and left transverse sinuses (figure 1). The CT angiogram (figure 2) confirmed venous thrombosis and an arterial infarct. It revealed complete occlusion of left internal carotid artery and segmental vasculopathy, affecting multiple intracranial and extracranial vessels of both the anterior and posterior circulation along with an aneurysmal ascending aorta. The contrast-enhanced CT scan demonstrated a filling defect of the superior sagittal sinus with minimal peripheral contrast enhancement, known as t...
Source: Archives of Disease in Childhood - Education and Practice - May 17, 2016 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Mundada, V., Krishnakumar, D., Chitre, M., Das, T. Tags: Journalology, Eye Diseases, Stroke, Diet, Ophthalmology, Child and adolescent psychiatry (paedatrics), Radiology, Disability, Rheumatology, Dermatology, Clinical diagnostic tests, Radiology (diagnostics), Competing interests (ethics), Metabolic disorders Source Type: research

Hypothermia did not improve mortality or disability in severe traumatic brain injury
Study design Design: Randomised controlled trial (RCT). Allocation: Concealed web based algorithm to stratified by study site and age. Blinding: Treating doctors not masked—investigators assessing outcome were masked. Study question Setting: Multinational, multicentre paediatric intensive care unit—75% patients from three paediatric intensive care units (Davis, California; Dallas, Texas; Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania) in USA. Patients: Age 0–17 years non-penetrating brain injury; Glasgow coma scale (GCS) score 3–8 (motor score <6), available for randomisation within 6 h of injury. Excluded i...
Source: Archives of Disease in Childhood - Education and Practice - May 14, 2014 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Tasker, R. C. Tags: Clinical trials (epidemiology), Epidemiologic studies, Coma and raised intracranial pressure, Neurological injury, Stroke, Hypertension, Pregnancy, Reproductive medicine, Child health, Neonatal and paediatric intensive care, Neonatal health, Trauma, Injur Source Type: research