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Declining Rates of Fatal and Nonfatal Intracerebral Hemorrhage: Epidemiological Trends in Australia Stroke
Conclusions Overall and fatal ICH rates have fallen in this large Australian population. Improvements in cardiovascular prevention and acute care may explain declining rates. There was no evidence of an increase in devastated survivors because the longer term mortality of 30-day survivors has not increased over time.
Source: JAHA:Journal of the American Heart Association - December 8, 2014 Category: Cardiology Authors: Gattellari, M., Goumas, C., Worthington, J. Tags: Stroke Source Type: research

Management of Vascular Risk Factors in the Carotid Revascularization Endarterectomy Versus Stenting Trial (CREST) Stroke
Conclusions Site-based risk-factor control improved significantly in the first 6 months and over the long term in CREST but was often suboptimal. Intensive medical management should be considered for future trials of carotid revascularization. Clinical Trial Registration URL: ClinicalTrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT00004732.
Source: JAHA:Journal of the American Heart Association - November 26, 2014 Category: Cardiology Authors: Meschia, J. F., Voeks, J. H., Leimgruber, P. P., Mantese, V. A., Timaran, C. H., Chiu, D., Demaerschalk, B. M., Howard, V. J., Hughes, S. E., Longbottom, M., Howard, A. G., Brott, T. G. Tags: Stroke Source Type: research

New York State: Comparison of Treatment Outcomes for Unruptured Cerebral Aneurysms Using an Instrumental Variable Analysis Stroke
Conclusions Using a comprehensive all-payer cohort of patients in New York State with unruptured cerebral aneurysms, we did not identify an association of treatment method with mortality or 30-day readmission. Clipping was associated with a higher rate of discharge to rehabilitation and longer length of stay.
Source: JAHA:Journal of the American Heart Association - July 13, 2015 Category: Cardiology Authors: Bekelis, K., Missios, S., Coy, S., Singer, R. J., MacKenzie, T. A. Tags: Stroke Source Type: research

Thiosulfate Mediates Cytoprotective Effects of Hydrogen Sulfide Against Neuronal Ischemia Stroke
Conclusions The protective effects of H2S are mediated by thiosulfate that is transported across cell membrane by NaS-2 and exerts antiapoptotic effects via persulfidation of caspase-3. Given the established safety track record, thiosulfate may be therapeutic against ischemic brain injury.
Source: JAHA:Journal of the American Heart Association - November 6, 2015 Category: Cardiology Authors: Marutani, E., Yamada, M., Ida, T., Tokuda, K., Ikeda, K., Kai, S., Shirozu, K., Hayashida, K., Kosugi, S., Hanaoka, K., Kaneki, M., Akaike, T., Ichinose, F. Tags: Stroke Source Type: research

Cardiac Time Intervals Measured by Tissue Doppler Imaging M-mode: Association With Hypertension, Left Ventricular Geometry, and Future Ischemic Cardiovascular Diseases Imaging
Conclusion The cardiac time intervals identify impaired cardiac function in individuals with hypertension, not only independent of conventional risk factors but also in participants with a normal conventional echocardiographic examination. The IVRT/ET and MPI are independent predictors of future cardiovascular disease especially in participants with known hypertension.
Source: JAHA:Journal of the American Heart Association - January 19, 2016 Category: Cardiology Authors: Biering-Sorensen, T., Mogelvang, R., Schnohr, P., Jensen, J. S. Tags: Risk Factors, Hypertension, Echocardiography, Quality and Outcomes, Ischemic Stroke Imaging Source Type: research

ABCA1-Mediated Cholesterol Efflux Capacity to Cerebrospinal Fluid Is Reduced in Patients With Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer's Disease Stroke
Conclusions In people with MCI and AD, the capacity of CSF to facilitate ABCA1-mediated cholesterol efflux is impaired. This lesser cholesterol efflux in MCI supports a pathophysiological role for ABCA1-mediated cholesterol transport in early neurodegeneration.
Source: JAHA:Journal of the American Heart Association - February 12, 2016 Category: Cardiology Authors: Yassine, H. N., Feng, Q., Chiang, J., Petrosspour, L. M., Fonteh, A. N., Chui, H. C., Harrington, M. G. Tags: Lipids and Cholesterol Stroke Source Type: research

Concentration of Smaller High-Density Lipoprotein Particle (HDL-P) Is Inversely Correlated With Carotid Intima Media Thickening After Confounder Adjustment: The Multi Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) Stroke
Conclusions Small+medium HDL-P is significantly and inversely correlated with cIMT measurements. Correlation of small+medium HDL-P with cardioprotective paraoxonase 1 activity may reflect a functional aspect of HDL responsible for this finding.
Source: JAHA:Journal of the American Heart Association - May 19, 2016 Category: Cardiology Authors: Kim, D. S., Li, Y. K., Bell, G. A., Burt, A. A., Vaisar, T., Hutchins, P. M., Furlong, C. E., Otvos, J. D., Polak, J. F., Arnan, M. K., Kaufman, J. D., McClelland, R. L., Longstreth, W. T., Jarvik, G. P. Tags: Lipids and Cholesterol, Oxidant Stress, Cardiovascular Disease, Cerebrovascular Disease/Stroke Source Type: research

Interleukin-23 Secreted by Activated Macrophages Drives {gamma}{delta}T Cell Production of Interleukin-17 to Aggravate Secondary Inȷury After Intracerebral Hemorrhage Stroke
ConclusionsTogether, our results reveal the importance of the IL‐23/IL‐17 inflammatory axis in secondary brain injury after ICH and thus provide a new therapeutic target for ICH treatment.
Source: JAHA:Journal of the American Heart Association - October 10, 2016 Category: Cardiology Authors: Zhong, Q., Zhou, K., Liang, Q.-L., Lin, S., Wang, Y.-C., Xiong, X.-Y., Meng, Z.-Y., Zhao, T., Zhu, W.-Y., Yang, Y.-R., Liao, M.-F., Gong, Q.-W., Liu, L., Xiong, A., Hao, J., Wang, J., Yang, Q.-W. Tags: Blood-Brain Barrier, Cerebrovascular Disease/Stroke, Intracranial Hemorrhage Original Research Source Type: research

Comparative Effectiveness and Safety of Dabigatran and Rivaroxaban in Atrial Fibrillation Patients Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology
ConclusionsRivaroxaban therapy was associated with a statistically significant increase in all‐cause death compared with dabigatran therapy in atrial fibrillation patients.
Source: JAHA:Journal of the American Heart Association - April 24, 2017 Category: Cardiology Authors: Lai, C.-L., Chen, H.-M., Liao, M.-T., Lin, T.-T., Chan, K. A. Tags: Arrhythmias, Anticoagulants, Pharmacology, Cerebrovascular Disease/Stroke Original Research Source Type: research

Time in Therapeutic Range and Outcomes After Warfarin Initiation in Newly Diagnosed Atrial Fibrillation Patients With Renal Dysfunction Kidney in Cardiovascular Disease
BackgroundIt is unknown whether renal dysfunction conveys poor anticoagulation control in warfarin‐treated patients with atrial fibrillation and whether poor anticoagulation control associates with the risk of adverse outcomes in these patients.Methods and ResultsThis was an observational study from the Stockholm CREatinine Measurements (SCREAM) cohort including all newly diagnosed atrial fibrillation patients initiating treatment with warfarin (n=7738) in Stockholm, Sweden, between 2006 and 2011. Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR; mL/min per 1.73 m2) was calculated from serum creatinine. Time‐in‐therapeuti...
Source: JAHA:Journal of the American Heart Association - March 1, 2017 Category: Cardiology Authors: Szummer, K., Gasparini, A., Eliasson, S., Arnlov, J., Qureshi, A. R., Barany, P., Evans, M., Friberg, L., Carrero, J. J. Tags: Catheter Ablation and Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator, Cardiovascular Disease, Anticoagulants, Intracranial Hemorrhage, Ischemic Stroke Original Research Source Type: research

Cardiovascular Health and Healthcare Utilization and Expenditures Among Medicare Beneficiaries: The REasons for Geographic And Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) Study Health Services and Outcomes Research
ConclusionsBetter cardiovascular health is associated with lower risk for inpatient encounters and lower inpatient and outpatient healthcare expenditures.
Source: JAHA:Journal of the American Heart Association - February 1, 2017 Category: Cardiology Authors: Aaron, K. J., Colantonio, L. D., Deng, L., Judd, S. E., Locher, J. L., Safford, M. M., Cushman, M., Kilgore, M. L., Becker, D. J., Muntner, P. Tags: Cardiovascular Disease, Risk Factors, Cost-Effectiveness, Health Services, Statements and Guidelines Original Research Source Type: research

Race-Sex Differences in Statin Use and Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Control Among People With Diabetes Mellitus in the Reasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke Study Health Services and Outcomes Research
BackgroundStatin therapy is a cornerstone of cardiovascular disease risk reduction for people with diabetes mellitus. Past reports have shown race‐sex differences in statin use in general populations, but statin patterns by race and sex in those with diabetes mellitus have not been thoroughly studied.Methods and ResultsOur sample of 4288 adults ≥45 years of age with diagnosed diabetes mellitus who had low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C)>100 mg/dL or were taking statins recruited for the Reasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke study from 2003 to 2007. Exposures included race‐sex groups (w...
Source: JAHA:Journal of the American Heart Association - May 10, 2017 Category: Cardiology Authors: Gamboa, C. M., Colantonio, L. D., Brown, T. M., Carson, A. P., Safford, M. M. Tags: Lipids and Cholesterol, Diabetes, Type 2, Epidemiology, Race and Ethnicity, Health Services Original Research Source Type: research

Comparison of Expert Adjudicated Coronary Heart Disease and Cardiovascular Disease Mortality With the National Death Index: Results From the REasons for Geographic And Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) Study Epidemiology
ConclusionsThe modest accuracy and differential performance of NDI‐derived cause of death may impact CHD and CVD mortality statistics.
Source: JAHA:Journal of the American Heart Association - May 3, 2017 Category: Cardiology Authors: Olubowale, O. T., Safford, M. M., Brown, T. M., Durant, R. W., Howard, V. J., Gamboa, C., Glasser, S. P., Rhodes, J. D., Levitan, E. B. Tags: Cardiovascular Disease, Epidemiology Original Research Source Type: research

Gastric Bypass Surgery Produces a Durable Reduction in Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors and Reduces the Long-Term Risks of Congestive Heart Failure Preventive Cardiology
ConclusionsGastric bypass is associated with a reduced risk of major cardiovascular events and the development of congestive heart failure.
Source: JAHA:Journal of the American Heart Association - May 23, 2017 Category: Cardiology Authors: Benotti, P. N., Wood, G. C., Carey, D. J., Mehra, V. C., Mirshahi, T., Lent, M. R., Petrick, A. T., Still, C., Gerhard, G. S., Hirsch, A. G. Tags: Cardiomyopathy, Heart Failure, Metabolic Syndrome, Remodeling, Cerebrovascular Disease/Stroke Original Research Source Type: research

CYP2C19 Metabolizer Status and Clopidogrel Efficacy in the Secondary Prevention of Small Subcortical Strokes (SPS3) Study Genetics
Conclusions There were significant differences in recurrent stroke by CYP2C19 genotype-inferred metabolizer status in white subcortical stroke patients receiving dual antiplatelet therapy with aspirin and clopidogrel, consistent with cardiovascular studies on CYP2C19 and clopidogrel; however, the bleeding risk that led to early termination of the antiplatelet arm of the SPS3 trial does not appear to be explained by CYP2C19 genotype. This study was relatively underpowered; therefore, these findings should be interpreted with caution and warrant replication. Clinical Trial Registration URL: www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique id...
Source: JAHA:Journal of the American Heart Association - May 27, 2015 Category: Cardiology Authors: McDonough, C. W., McClure, L. A., Mitchell, B. D., Gong, Y., Horenstein, R. B., Lewis, J. P., Field, T. S., Talbert, R. L., Benavente, O. R., Johnson, J. A., Shuldiner, A. R. Tags: Genetics Source Type: research

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