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Specialty: Neurology
Condition: ALS

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Total 158 results found since Jan 2013.

Neural stem cell‐based treatment for neurodegenerative diseases
Human neurodegenrative diseases such as Parkinson's disease (PD), Huntington's disease (HD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) are caused by a loss of neurons and glia in the brain or spinal cord. Neurons and glial cells have successfully been generated from stem cells such as embryonic stem cells (ESCs), mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and neural stem cells (NSCs), and stem cell‐based cell therapies for neurodegenerative diseases have been developed. A recent advance in generatioin of a new class of pluripotent stem cells, induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), derived from patients' own sk...
Source: Neuropathology - February 1, 2013 Category: Neurology Authors: Seung U. Kim, Hong J. Lee, Yun B. Kim Tags: Review Article Source Type: research

Chronic over‐expression of TGFβ1 alters hippocampal structure and causes learning deficits
Abstract The cytokine Transforming Growth Factor β1 (TGFβ1) is chronically upregulated in several neurodegenerative conditions, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Creutzfeldt‐Jacob disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and multiple sclerosis, and following stroke. While previous studies have shown that TGFβ1 may be neuroprotective, chronic exposure to elevated levels of this cytokine may contribute to disease pathology on its own. In order to study the effects of chronic exposure to TGFβ1 in isolation we used transgenic mice that over‐express a constitutively active porcine TGFβ1 in astrocytes. W...
Source: Hippocampus - June 27, 2013 Category: Neurology Authors: Alonso Martinez‐Canabal, Anne L. Wheeler, Dani Sarkis, Jason P. Lerch, Wei‐Yang Lu, Marion S. Buckwalter, Tony Wyss‐Coray, Sheena A. Josselyn, Paul W. Frankland Tags: Research Article Source Type: research

Emerging Subspecialties in Neurology: Palliative care
As we work to find cures for so many devastating neurologic injuries and diseases, our patients suffer tremendously on a daily basis. Individuals with conditions including stroke, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson disease (PD), muscular dystrophies, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and nervous system malignancies share a host of physical, emotional, and existential symptoms that can be difficult to treat. In addition, patients and their families face the realities of loss of function, loss of ability to communicate, and lifespans limited by the neurologic diagnosis or complications related to it (e.g., dysphagia, immobilit...
Source: Neurology - February 17, 2014 Category: Neurology Authors: Dallara, A., Tolchin, D. W. Tags: All Clinical Neurology, All Education, Palliative care RESIDENT AND FELLOW SECTION Source Type: research

Vitamin D Is A Prognostic Factor Of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis And Confers Protection To Motoneurons In Vitro (P4.084)
CONCLUSIONS:Our findings suggest that vitamin D as a reliable prognostic factor of ALS and support a neuroprotective function of vitamin D on MNs in vitro.Study Supported by:Disclosure: Dr. William has received personal compensation for activities with Novartis, Merck & Co. Inc., Sanofi-Aventis Pharmaceuticals Inc., Biogen Idec, and Actelion. Dr. Tremblier has nothing to disclose. Dr. Plassot has nothing to disclose. Dr. Alphandery has nothing to disclose. Dr. Salsac has nothing to disclose. Dr. Pageot has nothing to disclose. Dr. Juntas-Morales has nothing to disclose. Dr. Scamps has nothing to disclose. Dr. Daures ha...
Source: Neurology - April 9, 2014 Category: Neurology Authors: William, C., Tremblier, B., Plassot, C., Alphandery, S., Salsac, C., Pageot, N., Juntas-Morales, R., Scamps, F., Daures, J. P., Raoul, C. Tags: ALS: Trials and Biomarkers Source Type: research

Emerging Subspecialties in Neurology: Neuropalliative care
Palliative medicine, as defined by World Health Organization, is the specialty that recognizes and attempts to prevent or alleviate physical, social, psychological, and spiritual suffering.1 Understanding the principles of palliative care should be an essential component of neurologic training, as the trajectory of many neurologic illnesses is progressive and incurable.2 Given the delicate nature of many of the conversations that neurologists have with patients at the time of diagnosis or during acute illness and hospitalization, expertise in discussing a patient's wishes, handling difficult conversations, and providing ad...
Source: Neurology - May 26, 2014 Category: Neurology Authors: Robinson, M. T., Barrett, K. M. Tags: Palliation pain, Palliative care RESIDENT AND FELLOW SECTION Source Type: research

Nogo-A: Multiple Roles in CNS Development, Maintenance, and Disease
Initially discovered as a potent neurite outgrowth inhibitor in the central nervous system (CNS), Nogo-A has emerged as a multifunctional protein. Involvement of this protein has been demonstrated in numerous developmental processes, ranging from cell migration, axon guidance and fasciculation, dendritic branching and CNS plasticity to oligodendrocyte differentiation and myelination. Although initially necessary and beneficial for shaping and later maintaining CNS structure and functionality, the growth restricting properties of Nogo-A can have negative effects on nervous system injury or disease. Hence, correlating with i...
Source: The Neuroscientist - July 15, 2014 Category: Neurology Authors: Schmandke, A., Schmandke, A., Schwab, M. E. Tags: Reviews Source Type: research

Transposed firing activation of motor units
Muscles are composed of groups of muscle fibers, called motor units, each innervated by a single motoneuron originating in the spinal cord. During constant or linearly varying voluntary force contractions, motor units are activated in a hierarchical order, with the earlier-recruited motor units having greater firing rates than the later-recruited ones. We found that this normal pattern of firing activation can be altered during oscillatory contractions where the force oscillates at frequencies ≥2 Hz. During these high-frequency oscillations, the activation of the lower-threshold motor units effectively decreases and tha...
Source: Journal of Neurophysiology - August 15, 2014 Category: Neurology Authors: De Luca, C. J., Kline, J. C., Contessa, P. Tags: Control Of Movement Source Type: research

Safety and efficacy of ceftriaxone for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a multi-stage, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT00349622. Findings Stage 3 included 66 participants from stages 1 and 2 and 448 new participants. In total, 340 participants were randomly allocated to ceftriaxone and 173 to placebo. During stages 1 and 2, mean ALSFRS-R declined more slowly in participants who received 4 g ceftriaxone than in those on placebo (difference 0·51 units per month, 95% CI 0·02 to 1·00; p=0·0416), but in stage 3 functional decline between the treatment groups did not differ (0·09, −0·06 to 0·24; p=0·2370). No significant differences in survival between the groups were recorde...
Source: The Lancet Neurology - October 17, 2014 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Brain-Computer Interface after Nervous System Injury
This article presents a state-of-the-art review of BCI technology used after nervous system injuries, specifically: amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Parkinson’s disease, spinal cord injury, stroke, and disorders of consciousness. Also presented is transcending, innovative research involving new treatment of neurological disorders.
Source: The Neuroscientist - November 11, 2014 Category: Neurology Authors: Burns, A., Adeli, H., Buford, J. A. Tags: Reviews Source Type: research

A Single-Center, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Six-Month Clinical Trial Followed by an Open-Label Extension to Evaluate the Safety, Tolerability and Clinical Endpoint Responsiveness of the Phosphodiesterase Type 4 (PDE4) Inhibitor Ibudilast (MN-166) in Subjects with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) - STEP-IBUDILAST-ALS-DB-OLE-1 (I8-1B)
CONCLUSIONS: Interim evaluation of the primary objective-safety/tolerability and secondary objective-clinical endpoint responsiveness of MN-166 60 mg/day versus placebo administered for six months with riluzole in subjects with ALS will be presented for the first 30 patients. Study Supported by: Medicinova and Carolinas ALS Research FundDisclosure: Dr. Brooks has received personal compensation for activities with Biogen Idec, Avanir Pharmaceuticals, Acorda Therapeutics, Cytokinetics, Synapse, and the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke. Dr. Bravver has nothing to disclose. Dr. Sanjak has nothing to disc...
Source: Neurology - April 8, 2015 Category: Neurology Authors: Brooks, B., Bravver, E., Sanjak, M., Langford, V., Lary, C., Alwan, M., Nemeth, J., Russo, P., Smith, N., Lucas, N., Nichols, M., Belcher, S., Wright, K., Ward, A., Holsten, S., Fischer, M., Bockenek, W., Desai, U., Lindblom, S. C., Pacicco, T., Matsuda, Tags: Advances in ALS and Other Motor Neuron Diseases Data Blitz Presentations Source Type: research

Botulinum Toxin A for Treatment of Sialorrhea in neurologic diseases: 2-year Prospective Study (P3.155)
Conclusions: This long-term prospective observational study of a wide cohort of patients confirms that ultrasonographically guided BoNT-A injections represents an effective and safe treatment for sialorrhea in different neurologic disorders.Disclosure: Dr. Barbero has nothing to disclose. Dr. Artusi has nothing to disclose. Dr. De Mercanti has nothing to disclose. Dr. Tinivella has nothing to disclose. Dr. Busso has nothing to disclose. Dr. Clerico has nothing to disclose. Dr. Durelli has nothing to disclose.
Source: Neurology - April 8, 2015 Category: Neurology Authors: Barbero, P., Artusi, C. A., De Mercanti, S., Tinivella, M., Busso, M., Clerico, M., Durelli, L. Tags: Neuromuscular Disease: Therapeutics Source Type: research

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) with Laboratory Abnormalities of Unknown Significance (LAUS) --Where Does It Begin and Where Does It End? (P4.144)
CONCLUSIONS: Further detailed analysis of progression rate by site of onset, sex, age, treatment will require assimilation of clinic-based datasets of properly analyzed ALS-LAUS patients from multiple clinic sites. The appropriate role of IVIg in ALS-LAUS patients requires further study following explication of the natural history of these patients compared with non-ALS-LAUS patients. The determination as to whether auto-antibodies to additional antigens may play a role in the progression rate of ALS-LAUS compared with sporadic ALS needs to be systematically studied. Study Supported by: Carolinas ALS Research FundDisclosur...
Source: Neurology - April 8, 2015 Category: Neurology Authors: Brooks, B., Bravver, E., Langford, V., Alwan, M., Smith, N., Lucas, N., Nichols, M., Belcher, S., Lary, C., Nemeth, J., Russo, P., Wright, K., Ward, A., Holsten, S., Fischer, M., Bockenek, W., Desai, U., Lindblom, S. C., Pacicco, T., Sanjak, M. Tags: Neuroepidemiology: ALS Source Type: research

A Single-Center, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Six-Month Clinical Trial Followed by an Open-Label Extension to Evaluate the Safety, Tolerability and Clinical Endpoint Responsiveness of the Phosphodiesterase Type 4 (PDE4) Inhibitor Ibudilast (MN-166) in Subjects with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) - STEP-IBUDILAST-ALS-DB-OLE-1 (S50.005)
CONCLUSIONS: Interim evaluation of the primary objective-safety/tolerability and secondary objective-clinical endpoint responsiveness of MN-166 60 mg/day versus placebo administered for six months with riluzole in subjects with ALS will be presented for the first 30 patients. Study Supported by: Medicinova and Carolinas ALS Research FundDisclosure: Dr. Brooks has received personal compensation for activities with Biogen Idec, Avanir Pharmaceuticals, Acorda Therapeutics, Cytokinetics, Synapse, and the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke. Dr. Bravver has nothing to disclose. Dr. Sanjak has nothing to disc...
Source: Neurology - April 8, 2015 Category: Neurology Authors: Brooks, B., Bravver, E., Sanjak, M., Langford, V., Lary, C., Alwan, M., Nemeth, J., Russo, P., Smith, N., Lucas, N., Nichols, M., Belcher, S., Wright, K., Ward, A., Holsten, S., Fischer, M., Bockenek, W., Desai, U., Lindblom, S. C., Pacicco, T., Matsuda, Tags: Treatment Trials in Neuromuscular Diseases Source Type: research

Interplay Between Exosomes, microRNAs and Toll-Like Receptors in Brain Disorders
Abstract Extracellular vesicles (EVs), including exosomes, microvesicles and apoptotic bodies, participate in intercellular communication, and particularly, in paracrine and endocrine signalling. The EVs and their specific contents have been considered hallmarks of different diseases. It has been recently discovered that EVs can co-transport nucleic acids such as DNAs, ribosomal RNAs, circular RNAs (circRNAs), long noncoding RNAs (lnRNAs) and microRNAs (miRNAs). miRNAs are important regulators of gene expression at the post-transcriptional level, although they may also play other roles. Recent evidence supports th...
Source: Molecular Neurobiology - April 11, 2015 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Scientists create mice with a major genetic cause of ALS and FTD
Scientists at Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida created a novel mouse that exhibits the symptoms and neurodegeneration associated with the most common genetic forms of frontotemporal dementia (FTD) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS, Lou Gehrig’s disease), both of which are caused by a mutation in the a gene called C9ORF72.
Source: NINDS Press Releases and News: National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke - May 22, 2015 Category: Neurology Source Type: news