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A new mutation in the CAVIN1/PTRF gene in two siblings with congenital generalized lipodystrophy type 4: case reports and review of the literature
Lipodystrophy syndromes are characterized by a progressive metabolic impairment secondary to adipose tissue dysfunction and may have a genetic background. Congenital generalized lipodystrophy type 4 (CGL4) is an extremely rare subtype, caused by mutations in the polymerase I and transcript release factor (PTRF) gene. It encodes for a cytoplasmatic protein called caveolae-associated protein 1 (Cavin-1), which, together with caveolin 1, is responsible for the biogenesis of caveolae, being a master regulator of adipose tissue expandability. Cavin-1 is expressed in several tissues, including muscles, thus resulting, when dysfu...
Source: Frontiers in Endocrinology - July 12, 2023 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research

Neuromuscular and Muscle Metabolic Functions in MELAS Before and After Resistance Training: A Case Study
Conclusion To conclude, this study suggests a preserved plasticity in the skeletal muscle of a patient with MELAS. More importantly, Resistance Training appears to be a safe and effective method to increase skeletal muscle function in this patient population, and this effect is mediated by both neuromuscular and mitochondrial adaptations. However, particular attention and caution is needed in the interpretation of the data of this single case study and further studies are warranted including larger sample of patients. Ethics Statement For this case study the participant caregiver provided written informed consent. Auth...
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - April 25, 2019 Category: Physiology Source Type: research

Muscle redox disturbances and oxidative stress as pathomechanisms and therapeutic targets in early-onset myopathies
Publication date: Available online 12 August 2016 Source:Seminars in Cell & Developmental Biology Author(s): Maryline Moulin, Ana Ferreiro Because of their contractile activity and their high oxygen consumption and metabolic rate, skeletal muscles continually produce moderate levels of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS/RNS), which increase during exercise and are buffered by multiple antioxidant systems to maintain redox homeostasis. Imbalance between ROS/RNS production and elimination results in oxidative stress (OxS), which has been implicated in aging and in numerous human diseases, including cancer, di...
Source: Seminars in Cell and Developmental Biology - August 11, 2016 Category: Cytology Source Type: research

Diabetes in the young - a case of Alström syndrome with myopathy.
In this report, we describe a patient with features of Alström syndrome and a clinical picture suggestive of a recurrent, severe, steroid responsive myopathy which, to the best of our knowledge, has not been reported so far. PMID: 25874828 [PubMed - in process]
Source: Journal of the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh - November 30, 2015 Category: Journals (General) Tags: J R Coll Physicians Edinb Source Type: research

Global deletion of BCATm increases expression of skeletal muscle genes associated with protein turnover
Consumption of a protein-containing meal by a fasted animal promotes protein accretion in skeletal muscle, in part through leucine stimulation of protein synthesis and indirectly through repression of protein degradation mediated by its metabolite, α-ketoisocaproate. Mice lacking the mitochondrial branched-chain aminotransferase (BCATm/Bcat2), which interconverts leucine and α-ketoisocaproate, exhibit elevated protein turnover. Here, the transcriptomes of gastrocnemius muscle from BCATm knockout (KO) and wild-type mice were compared by next-generation RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) to identify potential adaptations a...
Source: Physiological Genomics - November 1, 2015 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Authors: Lynch, C. J., Kimball, S. R., Xu, Y., Salzberg, A. C., Kawasawa, Y. I. Tags: Nutrient Gene Interaction Source Type: research

Comprehensive Carrier Screening and Molecular Diagnostic Testing for Recessive Childhood Diseases
Clinical Scenarios The test is designed both for preconception carrier testing of couples wishing to start a family and for molecular diagnosis in children suspected of being affected by a recessive childhood disease. The published (research) version of the test included 448 childhood recessive illnesses with severe clinical manifestations1. A revised panel is undergoing clinical validation for use as a laboratory developed test (LDT) with an intention of being offered via a laboratory regulated by the Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments (CLIA). The clinical panel contains 595 childhood recessive diseases that are d...
Source: PLOS Currents Evidence on Genomic Tests - May 2, 2012 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Authors: stephenkingsmore Source Type: research