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Cerebrospinal Fluid Flow Analysis in Tuberculous Meningitis Using Phase Contrast Technique on 3 Tesla MRI: A New Paradigm and Our Initial Experience
Conclusion: PC-MRI is a sensitive technique to analyze altered CSF flow dynamics in tuberculous meningitis patients. This is a useful adjunct in imaging these patients to extract both the qualitative and quantitative information about CSF flow for comprehensive evaluation.
Source: Neurology India - July 1, 2022 Category: Neurology Authors: Aanchal Ashta Anjali Prakash Rashmi Dixit Naresh Kumar Source Type: research

Neurological Involvement in Primary Systemic Vasculitis
Conclusion Neurological involvement is a common complication of PSV (Table 1), and neurologists play an important role in the identification and diagnosis of PSV patients with otherwise unexplained neurological symptoms as their chief complaint. This article summarizes the neurological manifestations of PSV and hopes to improve neuroscientists' understanding of this broad range of diseases. TABLE 1 Table 1. Common CNS and PNS involvements of primary systemic vasculitis. Author Contributions SZ conceived the article and wrote the manuscript. DY and GT reviewed and edited the manuscript. All authors ...
Source: Frontiers in Neurology - April 25, 2019 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Treatment of Tuberculous Meningitis and Its Complications in Adults
AbstractPurpose of reviewTuberculous meningitis (TBM) is a global health problem. In this review, we systematically evaluate the evidence for current and emerging antimicrobials, host-directed therapies and supportive managements.Recent findingsCurrent antimicrobial regimes do not factor the differing ability of drugs to cross the blood-brain barrier. Rifampicin may be more effective at higher doses yet the most recent clinical trial failed to demonstrate survival benefit at 15  mg/kg/day. Dose finding studies suggest that higher doses still may be safe and more effective. Fluoroquinolones are currently listed as importan...
Source: Current Treatment Options in Neurology - February 28, 2018 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Trends and Characteristics of Tuberculous Meningitis in the United States, 1993-2013 (S30.007)
Conclusions:Over the past two decades, the incidence and mortality of TBM in the US have steadily declined, but neurological complications are increasing.Study Supported by:This work was supported by the National Institute of Neurological Disorders [grant numbers K23NS082367, R01NS097443-01 to H.K.] and the Michael Goldberg Stroke Research Fund to [H.K.].Disclosure: Dr. Merkler has nothing to disclose. Dr. Chatterjee has nothing to disclose. Dr. Gialdini has nothing to disclose. Dr. Reynolds has nothing to disclose. Dr. Morris has nothing to disclose. Dr. Murthy has nothing to disclose. Dr. Thakur has received personal com...
Source: Neurology - April 17, 2017 Category: Neurology Authors: Merkler, A., Chatterjee, A., Gialdini, G., Reynolds, A., Morris, N., Murthy, S., Thakur, K., Kamel, H. Tags: Infectious Disease: HIV, Syphilis, Borrelia, TB, Cysticercosis, and Other Infections Source Type: research

Surgery for sporadic vestibular schwannoma. Part II. Complications (not related to facial and auditory nerves).
CONCLUSIONS: Tumor size, cerebellar syndrome at presentation and experience of the team were the three most important risk factors for PC occurrence. Permanent deficit secondary to PC remained in only 4% of the patients. PMID: 26969564 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Neurologia i Neurochirurgia Polska - March 1, 2016 Category: Neurology Authors: Kunert P, Dziedzic T, Czernicki T, Nowak A, Marchel A Tags: Neurol Neurochir Pol Source Type: research

Management of Intracranial Pressure
Purpose of Review:: Intracranial pressure (ICP) can be elevated in traumatic brain injury, large artery acute ischemic stroke, intracranial hemorrhage, intracranial neoplasms, and diffuse cerebral disorders such as meningitis, encephalitis, and acute hepatic failure. Raised ICP is also known as intracranial hypertension and is defined as a sustained ICP of greater than 20 mm Hg. Recent Findings:: ICP must be measured through an invasive brain catheter, typically an external ventricular catheter that can drain CSF and measure ICP, or through an intraparenchymal ICP probe. Proper recognition of the clinical signs of elevated...
Source: CONTINUUM - October 1, 2015 Category: Neurology Tags: Review Articles Source Type: research

Predictors of Poor Outcome in Bacterial Meningitis: Retrospective Analysis of Nationwide Inpatient Sample (P5.046)
CONCLUSIONS: In this retrospective study, every decade increase in age, teaching hospital status and development of complications like hydrocephalus, ischemic stroke, seizures, intracranial abscess and respiratory failure were predictors of poor outcome. Every calendar year increase was a negative predictor of poor outcome. Study Supported by:Disclosure: Dr. Dharaiya has nothing to disclose. Dr. Modi has nothing to disclose. Dr. Maraka has nothing to disclose.
Source: Neurology - April 8, 2015 Category: Neurology Authors: Dharaiya, D., Modi, S., Maraka, S. Tags: Neuroepidemiology: Headache, Global Health, and Infectious Disease Source Type: research

Mortality Predictors in Bacterial Meningitis Patients who developed Hydrocephalus (P5.050)
CONCLUSIONS: In this retrospective analysis, we found that every decade increase in age, ischemic stroke, respiratory failure and requirement of ventriculostomy were significant predictors of mortality in patients of bacterial meningitis who developed hydrocephalus. Study Supported by:Disclosure: Dr. Irshad has nothing to disclose. Dr. Modi has nothing to disclose. Dr. Naqvi has nothing to disclose. Dr. Dharaiya has nothing to disclose.
Source: Neurology - April 8, 2015 Category: Neurology Authors: Irshad, K., Modi, S., Naqvi, I., Dharaiya, D. Tags: Neuroepidemiology: Headache, Global Health, and Infectious Disease Source Type: research

Intracranial Pressure and Cerebral Perfusion Pressure Monitoring in Non-TBI Patients: Special Considerations
Abstract The effect of intracranial pressure (ICP) and the role of ICP monitoring are best studied in traumatic brain injury (TBI). However, a variety of acute neurologic illnesses e.g., subarachnoid hemorrhage, intracerebral hemorrhage, ischemic stroke, meningitis/encephalitis, and select metabolic disorders, e.g., liver failure and malignant, brain tumors can affect ICP. The purpose of this paper is to review the literature about ICP monitoring in conditions other than TBI and to provide recommendations how the technique may be used in patient management. A PubMed search between 1980 and September 2013 identifie...
Source: Neurocritical Care - September 11, 2014 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Predictive Factors of Central Nervous Infection: Prospective Evaluation of 124 Cases with Suspicion of Meningitis. (P2.303)
Discussion and conclusions: The presence of meningeal signs, hypoglucorraquia and low PH in CSF are the most suggestive findings of meningitis, when compared to fever, mental status changes or other variables. Initial CSF image should include the application of constrast when possible.Disclosure: Dr. Trevino has nothing to disclose. Dr. Gonzalez Duarte has nothing to disclose. Dr. Avila-Funes has nothing to disclose.
Source: Neurology - April 9, 2014 Category: Neurology Authors: Trevino, I., Gonzalez Duarte, M. A., Avila-Funes, A. Tags: CNS Infectious Disease: Miscellaneous Source Type: research

Clinical Reasoning: A 44-year-old woman with headache followed by sudden neurologic decline
A 44-year-old woman with a history of migraines and idiopathic intracranial hypertension presented to the emergency room with 1 day of headache and nausea. She had been otherwise healthy with no sick contacts. She was afebrile without nuchal rigidity, rash, or cardiac murmur, and her neurologic examination was normal. Migraine therapy was initiated with IV prochlorperazine, ketorolac, and magnesium. Two hours later, she developed fever (101.4°F) and confusion, continually stating, "It hurts," but unable to answer questions or follow commands despite an otherwise unremarkable examination. Noncontrast head CT demonstrate...
Source: Neurology - March 25, 2013 Category: Neurology Authors: Berkowitz, A. L., Kimchi, E. Y., Hwang, D. Y., Vaitkevicius, H., Henderson, G. V., Feske, S. K., Chou, S. H.- Y. Tags: Hydrocephalus, Stroke in young adults, Meningitis, Critical care RESIDENT AND FELLOW SECTION Source Type: research