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Total 241 results found since Jan 2013.

Pulmonary pathology: new updates
Pulmonary diseases cover a diverse range of neoplastic and non-neoplastic disorders that continue to pose challenges to pathologists on a daily basis. In this special theme issue of Journal of Clinical Pathology, some of the most challenging and topical areas of pulmonary pathology are addressed. There have been recent significant changes to the classification of lung adenocarcinoma due to an increased understanding of the significance of different histological, genetic and radiological features, particularly in relation to new therapeutic approaches. Kerr1 provides a thorough, insightful and practical overview of the new ...
Source: Journal of Clinical Pathology - September 24, 2013 Category: Pathology Authors: Cooper, W. A., Roberts, F. Tags: Molecular genetics, Immunology (including allergy), Pneumonia (infectious disease), TB and other respiratory infections, Endocrine cancer, Lung cancer (oncology), Respiratory cancer, Lung cancer (respiratory medicine), Interstitial lung disease, Pneumonia Source Type: research

Molecular genetic testing for lung adenocarcinomas: a practical approach to clinically relevant mutations and translocations
There is a consensus that molecular testing of the lung carcinoma should be the standard of care in the clinical management of patients with lung carcinoma. Recent practice guidelines in oncology and pathology recommend that all advanced and metastatic non-small-cell lung carcinoma with adenocarcinoma histology undergo biomarker testing for epidermal growth factor receptor gene (EGFR) mutations and anaplastic lymphoma kinase gene (ALK) rearrangements. Other types of non-small-cell carcinoma may be considered for such testing if they occur in never-smokers. The landscape of targetable biomarkers in non-small-cell carcinoma ...
Source: Journal of Clinical Pathology - September 24, 2013 Category: Pathology Authors: Dacic, S. Tags: Molecular genetics, Immunology (including allergy), Lung cancer (oncology), Lung cancer (respiratory medicine) Review Source Type: research

Paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis and lambert eaton myasthenia-an immunological profile of a new syndrome?
We report a case of paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis (LE) and Lambert Eaton myasthenic Syndrome (LEMS) with a novel immunological onco–neural profile: Voltage Gated Calcium Channel (VGCC) antibodies, high titre Voltage Gated Potassium Channel (VGKC) complex antibodies of non–LGI1 non–Caspr2 type and Sry–like high mobility box (SOX2) antibodies) with probable small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC). A 76–year–old heavy smoker presented with a 6–month history of dry mouth, dry cough, anorexia, weight loss, dysarthria and dysphagia, dizziness, limb weakness, and reduced mobility. Examinati...
Source: Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry - October 9, 2013 Category: Neurosurgery Authors: Kalra, S., Gozzard, P., Leonard, A., Maddison, P., Jacob, S. Tags: Immunology (including allergy), Brain stem / cerebellum, Drugs: CNS (not psychiatric), Epilepsy and seizures, Infection (neurology), Neuromuscular disease, Peripheral nerve disease, Sleep disorders (neurology), Eating disorders, Sleep disorders, Radiology Source Type: research

Autoimmune gabab antibody encephalitis associated with non-malignant lung lesion
GABAb receptor autoimmune encephalitis is a potentially treatable disorder characterised by seizures, memory deficits, increased anxiety and mood dysregulation. In some patients it is associated with small–cell lung cancer and with other autoantibodies. We are presenting a case of GABAb receptor autoimmune encephalitis which was associated with non–malignant lung lesion, likely inflammatory in nature. A 62 year old woman presented with recent onset depression and tonic–clonic seizures. CT head showed patchy white matter changes particularly in the left frontal lobe. Initial treatment for suspected infecti...
Source: Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry - October 9, 2013 Category: Neurosurgery Authors: Wysota, B., Teare, L., Karim, A., Jacob, S. Tags: Immunology (including allergy), Epilepsy and seizures, Infection (neurology), Stroke, Drugs: psychiatry, Memory disorders (psychiatry), Radiology, Drugs: musculoskeletal and joint diseases, Radiology (diagnostics) Association of British Neurologists (AB Source Type: research

Lambert-eaton myasthenic syndrome-results from the bnsu survey
Lambert–Eaton myasthenic syndrome (LEMS) is an autoimmune, presynaptic disorder of neuromuscular transmission characterised by proximal limb weakness, autonomic disturbance and depressed tendon reflexes with post–tetanic potentiation. Approximately 50% of patients with LEMS have an underlying small–cell lung cancer (SCLC), and the prevalence of LEMS in SCLC populations is 3–5%. It is thought that patients with SCLC–LEMS may survive longer that patients with SCLC alone, although there have been no prospective unbiased studies to confirm this. Specific antibodies to P/Q–type voltage–...
Source: Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry - October 9, 2013 Category: Neurosurgery Authors: Maddison, P., Gozzard, P. Tags: Immunology (including allergy), Drugs: CNS (not psychiatric), Neuromuscular disease Association of British Neurologists (ABN) joint meeting with the Royal College of Physicians (RCP), London, 23-24 October 2013 Source Type: research

18F-FDG PET/CT of a rectal carcinoma and a sigmoid adenoma
Introduction Positron-emission tomography (PET) with intravenously injected 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) provides ‘functional’ images of cellular glucose metabolism (FDG-PET). Integrated CT provides additional ‘anatomical’ images of the body’s X-ray attenuation (FDG-PET/CT).1 For diagnosis, FDG-avid foci are visually identified on the PET images, their 18F-FDG uptake can be semiquantitatively measured for instance by the maximum standardised uptake value (SUVmax), and the foci are matched to anatomical structures using the coregistered CT images.1 Some 18F-FDG is also excreted by the urina...
Source: Postgraduate Medical Journal - October 15, 2013 Category: Journals (General) Authors: Menke, J., Schaefer, I.-M., Sahlmann, C. O. Tags: Endoscopy, Journalology, Immunology (including allergy), Colon cancer, Lung cancer (oncology), Screening (oncology), Radiology, Lung cancer (respiratory medicine), Surgical diagnostic tests, Gastrointestinal surgery, General surgery, Radiology (diagnostic Source Type: research

Clinical significance of E-cadherin, {beta}-catenin, vimentin and S100A4 expression in completely resected squamous cell lung carcinoma
Conclusions Effective analysis of E-cadherin and S100A4 expression may allow for the identification of patients who are at a high risk of recurrence and poor prognosis in SqCC.
Source: Journal of Clinical Pathology - October 31, 2013 Category: Pathology Authors: Zhang, H., Liu, J., Yue, D., Gao, L., Wang, D., Zhang, H., Wang, C. Tags: Immunology (including allergy), Lung cancer (oncology), Lung cancer (respiratory medicine) Original article Source Type: research

Histological evaluation of preoperative mediastinoscopy lymph node biopsies in non-small cell lung cancer
Conclusions Routine examination of additional levels and immunohistochemical staining of mediastinal lymph nodes biopsies is not required and would not improve the overall negative predictive value of the procedure.
Source: Journal of Clinical Pathology - December 13, 2013 Category: Pathology Authors: Dhaliwal, C. A., Andrews, T. D., Walker, W. S., Wallace, W. A. Tags: Immunology (including allergy), Lung cancer (oncology), Lung cancer (respiratory medicine), Clinical diagnostic tests Short report Source Type: research

Phosphorylated Akt expression is a prognostic marker in early-stage non-small cell lung cancer
Conclusions Level of expression of pAkt in the cytoplasm and nucleus is an independent prognostic factor that may help to select patients with high-risk disease.
Source: Journal of Clinical Pathology - March 18, 2014 Category: Pathology Authors: Yip, P. Y., Cooper, W. A., Kohonen-Corish, M. R. J., Lin, B. P. C., McCaughan, B. C., Boyer, M. J., Kench, J. G., Horvath, L. G. Tags: Immunology (including allergy), Lung cancer (oncology), Lung cancer (respiratory medicine) Original article Source Type: research

Chromogenic in situ hybridisation (CISH) is a powerful method to detect ALK-positive non-small cell lung carcinomas
Conclusions CISH is a very reliable, convenient and inexpensive method to detect ALK-positive NSCLC. CISH success rate is comparably high as with qPCR, and it detects all ALK break apart events in a single assay. It is of special value when RNA quality is poor, or when small biopsies with a very limited amount of tumour cells have to be analysed.
Source: Journal of Clinical Pathology - April 12, 2014 Category: Pathology Authors: Wagner, F., Streubel, A., Roth, A., Stephan-Falkenau, S., Mairinger, T. Tags: Immunology (including allergy), Lung cancer (oncology), Lung cancer (respiratory medicine), Clinical diagnostic tests Original article Source Type: research

Paraneoplastic neurological disorders
Paraneoplastic Neurological Disorders (PND) are uncommon but important because they frequently present before a cancer is diagnosed and because they cause severe neurological disability. Current thinking is that they are caused by an autoimmune response to ‘onconeural’ antigens, shared by the tumour and the nervous system, although the precise immunopathogenic mechanism is unknown. It is likely that there is an important cellular immune response as evidenced by the presence of lymphocytic infiltration and activated cytotoxic T lymphocytes, found in the CSF of affected patients. PND may affect any part of the ne...
Source: Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry - July 9, 2014 Category: Neurosurgery Authors: Rees, J. Tags: Immunology (including allergy), Brain stem / cerebellum, Coma and raised intracranial pressure, Drugs: CNS (not psychiatric), Infection (neurology), Neuromuscular disease, Radiology, Disability, Radiology (diagnostics) NEUROPSYCHIATRY RESEARCH UPDATE Source Type: research

Lung cancer screening with low-dose CT (LDCT) is ready for prime time in the USA
Commentary on: Humphrey LL, Deffebach M, Pappas M, et al.. Screening for lung cancer with low-dose computed tomography: a systematic review to update the US Preventive Services Task Force recommendation. Ann Intern Med 2013;159:411–20. Context The US Preventative Services Task Force (USPSTF) has published their long-awaited, updated systematic review of low-dose CT (LDCT) screening for lung cancer. Last reviewed in 2004, lung cancer screening has been under intense study worldwide for the past decade. The issue of lung cancer screening is important because lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer mortality in the U...
Source: Evidence-Based Medicine - July 18, 2014 Category: Internal Medicine Authors: Wilson, D. O. Tags: Smoking and tobacco, Health policy, Clinical trials (epidemiology), Epidemiologic studies, Immunology (including allergy), Stroke, Screening (oncology), Radiology, Clinical diagnostic tests, Radiology (diagnostics), Screening (epidemiology), Health econom Source Type: research

Alterations of insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor gene copy number and protein expression are common in non-small cell lung cancer
Conclusions High IGF1R gene copy number and protein overexpression are frequent in NSCLC, particularly in SCCs, but they are not prognostically relevant.
Source: Journal of Clinical Pathology - October 16, 2014 Category: Pathology Authors: Tran, T. N., Selinger, C. I., Yu, B., Ng, C. C., Kohonen-Corish, M. R. J., McCaughan, B., Kennedy, C., O'Toole, S. A., Cooper, W. A. Tags: Molecular genetics, Immunology (including allergy), Lung cancer (oncology), Lung cancer (respiratory medicine) Original article Source Type: research

Human T-lymphocytes are affected by notch ligands in vitro
Notch signaling is believed to be engaged in the pathophysiology of lung cancer and PAH. More recently, a significant increase of the perivascular number of T cells, cytotoxic T cells (CD8) and helper T cells (CD4) in vessels of IPAH lungs was shown. The aim of this study was to uncover, which influence the Notch-signaling pathway has on the migratory behaviour of human T-cells, in vitro.T-cells were isolated from EDTA-anticoagulated venous blood, taken from healthy donors. The isolation was carried out according to a standardized MACS protocol. For chemotaxisexperiments, a microchemotaxis chamber was used. Freshly isolate...
Source: European Respiratory Journal - December 23, 2014 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Zoggeler, T., Watzinger, K., Kahler, C. Tags: 5.3 Allergy and Immunology Source Type: research

Receptor for hyaluronic acid-mediated motility (RHAMM, CD168) expression is prognostically important in both nodal negative and nodal positive large cell lung cancer
Conclusions Analysis of RHAMM expression is a valuable predictor of survival in LCC. RHAMM-positive patients may benefit from a targeted therapy even in early nodal negative stages. Expression of P-gp identifies a subset of pN0 ACA patients with poor outcome independent of stage, gender and adjuvant chemotherapy.
Source: Journal of Clinical Pathology - April 16, 2015 Category: Pathology Authors: Augustin, F., Fiegl, M., Schmid, T., Pomme, G., Sterlacci, W., Tzankov, A. Tags: Molecular genetics, Immunology (including allergy), Lung cancer (oncology), Lung cancer (respiratory medicine) Original article Source Type: research