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Mulberroside a protects against ischemic impairment in primary culture of rat cortical neurons after oxygen–glucose deprivation followed by reperfusion
Mulberroside A is a natural polyhydroxylated stilbene compound present at relatively high abundance in the roots and twigs of Morus alba L. It is known for its nephroprotective, hypoglycemic, and antidiabetic effects. Because its metabolite, oxyresveratrol, possessed purported anti‐inflammatory and neuroprotective effects, we proposed that mulberroside A may elicit neuroprotective effects that can be used in the treatment of brain ischemic injury. Therefore, we decided to investigate the pharmacological properties of mulberroside A in primary culture of rat cortical neurons after oxygen–glucose deprivation followed by ...
Source: Journal of Neuroscience Research - March 31, 2014 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Cai‐Ping Wang, Lu‐Zhong Zhang, Gui‐Cai Li, Yun‐wei Shi, Jian‐Long Li, Xiao‐Chuan Zhang, Zhi‐Wei Wang, Fei Ding, Xin‐Miao Liang Tags: Research Article Source Type: research

Impact of Carotid Atherosclerosis Combined with Hypercholesterolemia on Cerebral Microvessels and Brain Parenchyma in a New Complex Rat Model.
The objective of this study was to develop a new model of hypercholesterolemia plus carotid injury and to investigate the impact of carotid atherosclerosis combined with hypercholesterolemia in the rat brain. The complex rat model was developed by carotid injury induced by an air-drying endothelial denudation method after high cholesterol diet for 2 weeks. Plasma cholesterol, carotid pathomorphology, oxidative stress and inflammation in cerebral microvessels and brain parenchyma were measured at 7, 14 and 28 days after carotid surgery. The results showed that plasma concentrations of total cholesterol and low density lip...
Source: Neurochemical Research - January 29, 2014 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Zhang L, Ya B, Yang P, Sun F, Zhang L, Li Y, Li L Tags: Neurochem Res Source Type: research

Membrane‐type 1 metalloproteinase is upregulated in microglia/brain macrophages in neurodegenerative and neuroinflammatory diseases
We previously reported that glioma cells induce the expression of membrane‐type 1 metalloproteinase (MT1‐MMP or MMP‐14) in tumor‐associated microglia/macrophages and promote tumor growth, whereas MMP‐14 expression in microglia under physiological conditions is very low. Here, we show that the increase in MMP‐14 expression is also found in microglia/macrophages associated with neurodegenerative and neuroinflammatory pathologies in mouse models as well as in human biopsies or post‐mortem tissue. We found that microglial/macrophage MMP‐14 expression was upregulated in Alzheimer's disease tissue, in active lesi...
Source: Journal of Neuroscience Research - December 10, 2013 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Anika Langenfurth, Jan Leo Rinnenthal, Katyayni Vinnakota, Vincent Prinz, Anne‐Sophie Carlo, Christine Stadelmann, Volker Siffrin, Susann Peaschke, Matthias Endres, Frank Heppner, Rainer Glass, Susanne A. Wolf, Helmut Kettenmann Tags: Research Article Source Type: research

Candesartan Reduces the Hemorrhage Associated with Delayed Tissue Plasminogen Activator Treatment in Rat Embolic Stroke.
Abstract We have previously reported that angiotensin receptor blockade reduces reperfusion hemorrhage in a suture occlusion model of stroke, despite increasing matrix metalloproteinase (MMP-9) activity. We hypothesized that candesartan will also decrease hemorrhage associated with delayed (6 h) tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) administration after embolic stroke, widening the therapeutic time window of tPA. Adult male Wistar rats were subjected to embolic middle cerebral artery occlusion (eMCAO) and treated with either candesartan (1 mg/kg) alone early at 3 h, delayed tPA (10 mg/kg) alone at 6 h, the combi...
Source: Neurochemical Research - November 6, 2013 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Ishrat T, Pillai B, Ergul A, Hafez S, Fagan SC Tags: Neurochem Res Source Type: research

Kir6.1 Knockdown Aggravates Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion-Induced Neural Injury in Mice.
CONCLUSIONS: Our findings reveal that Kir6.1 knockdown exacerbates cerebral I/R-induced brain damages via increasing ER stress and inflammatory response, indicating that Kir6.1-containing K-ATP channels may be a potential therapeutic target for stroke. PMID: 23663330 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: CNS Neuroscience and Therapeutics - May 11, 2013 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Dong YF, Wang LX, Huang X, Cao WJ, Lu M, Ding JH, Sun XL, Hu G Tags: CNS Neurosci Ther Source Type: research

The Involvement of Programmed Cell Death 5 (PDCD5) in the Regulation of Apoptosis in Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury.
CONCLUSIONS: PDCD5-induced apoptosis and over-expression of PDCD5 are harmful to the ischemic neurons in vivo. Meanwhile, the inhibition of PDCD5 may be protective via reducing the apoptotic-related protein such as p53, Bax, and caspase-3. This observation may have potential for the treatment of ischemic cerebral stroke. PMID: 23638963 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: CNS Neuroscience and Therapeutics - May 3, 2013 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Chen CH, Jiang Z, Yan JH, Yang L, Wang K, Chen YY, Han JY, Zhang JH, Zhou CM Tags: CNS Neurosci Ther Source Type: research

3,6′‐dithiothalidomide improves experimental stroke outcome by suppressing neuroinflammation
Abstract Tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF) plays a prominent role in the brain damage and functional deficits that result from ischemic stroke. It was recently reported that the thalidomide analog 3,6′‐dithiothalidomide (3,6′‐DT) can selectively inhibit the synthesis of TNF in cultured cells. We therefore tested the therapeutic potential of 3,6′‐DT in a mouse model of focal ischemic stroke. Administration of 3,6′‐DT immediately prior to a stroke or within 3 hr after the stroke reduced infarct volume, neuronal death, and neurological deficits, whereas thalidomide was effective only when administered prior to ...
Source: Journal of Neuroscience Research - February 13, 2013 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Jeong Seon Yoon, Jong‐Hwan Lee, David Tweedie, Mohamed R. Mughal, Srinivasulu Chigurupati, Nigel H. Greig, Mark P. Mattson Tags: Research Article Source Type: research

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