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Mortality and Morbidity Effects of Long-Term Exposure to Low-Level PM < sub > 2.5 < /sub > , BC, NO < sub > 2 < /sub > , and O < sub > 3 < /sub > : An Analysis of European Cohorts in the ELAPSE Project
CONCLUSIONS: Long-term exposure to PM2.5, NO2, and BC was positively associated with natural-cause and cause-specific mortality in the pooled cohort and the administrative cohorts. Associations were found well below current limit values and guidelines for PM2.5 and NO2. Associations tended to be supralinear, with steeper slopes at low exposures with no indication of a threshold. Two-pollutant models documented the importance of characterizing the ambient mixture with both NO2 and PM2.5. We mostly found negative associations with O3. In two-pollutant models with NO2, the negative associations with O3 were attenuated to esse...
Source: Cancer Control - September 15, 2022 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Brunekreef Bert Strak Maciej Chen Jie J Andersen Zorana Atkinson Richard Bauwelinck Mariska Bellander Tom Boutron Marie-Christine Brandt J ørgen Carey Iain Cesaroni Giulia Forastiere Francesco Fecht Daniela Gulliver John Hertel Ole Hoffmann Barbara de Ho Source Type: research

Real-world retrospective cohort study ARCTIC shows burden of comorbidities in Swedish COPD versus non-COPD patients.
This study aimed to generate real-world evidence to assess the burden of comorbidities in COPD patients, to effectively manage these patients and optimize the associated healthcare resource allocation. ARCTIC is a large, real-world, retrospective cohort study conducted in Swedish COPD patients using electronic medical record data collected between 2000 and 2014. These patients were studied for prevalence of various comorbidities and for association of these comorbidities with exacerbations, mortality, and healthcare costs compared with an age-, sex-, and comorbidities-matched non-COPD reference population. A total of 17,47...
Source: Primary Care - September 10, 2018 Category: Primary Care Authors: Ställberg B, Janson C, Larsson K, Johansson G, Kostikas K, Gruenberger JB, Gutzwiller FS, Jorgensen L, Uhde M, Lisspers K Tags: NPJ Prim Care Respir Med Source Type: research

Fragmented Ambulance Services in Sri Lanka Evolve into A Modern System
Fragmented ambulance services evolve into a modern system Situated in the Indian Ocean, separated from India by the Palk Strait, Sri Lanka is the 25th largest island in the world (See Figure 1). Its complex geographical features-peaks, plateaus, valleys, rivers and tropical forests-are subject to a variety of natural hazards, including floods, landslides, cyclones and tsunamis.1 With ancient cultural roots going back to the 6th century B.C., Sri Lanka's modern colonial history began with Portuguese, Dutch and British settlements in the 16th century. By 1815, Britain was the sole colonial power. In 1948, Sri Lanka became an...
Source: JEMS Operations - November 2, 2017 Category: Emergency Medicine Authors: Nuwan Chamara Ekanayaka, EMT-I Tags: International Operations Source Type: news

Endocrine Disruptors and Health Effects in Africa: A Call for Action
Conclusion: To address the many challenges posed by EDCs, we argue that Africans should take the lead in prioritization and evaluation of environmental hazards, including EDCs. We recommend the institution of education and training programs for chemical users, adoption of the precautionary principle, establishment of biomonitoring programs, and funding of community-based epidemiology and wildlife research programs led and funded by African institutes and private companies. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP1774 Received: 16 February 2017 Revised: 22 May 2017 Accepted: 24 May 2017 Published: 22 August 2017 Address correspond...
Source: EHP Research - August 23, 2017 Category: Environmental Health Authors: Daniil Lyalko Tags: Commentary Source Type: research