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Broadening a SARS-CoV-1-neutralizing antibody for potent SARS-CoV-2 neutralization through directed evolution
Sci Signal. 2023 Aug 15;16(798):eabk3516. doi: 10.1126/scisignal.abk3516. Epub 2023 Aug 15.ABSTRACTThe emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) underscores the need for strategies to rapidly develop neutralizing monoclonal antibodies that can function as prophylactic and therapeutic agents and to help guide vaccine design. Here, we demonstrate that engineering approaches can be used to refocus an existing antibody that neutralizes one virus but not a related virus. Through a rapid affinity maturation strategy, we engineered CR3022, a SARS-CoV-1-neutralizing antibody, to bind to the receptor...
Source: Science Signaling - August 15, 2023 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Fangzhu Zhao Meng Yuan Celina Keating Namir Shaabani Oliver Limbo Collin Joyce Jordan Woehl Shawn Barman Alison Burns Quoc Tran Xueyong Zhu Michael Ricciardi Linghang Peng Jessica Smith Deli Huang Bryan Briney Devin Sok David Nemazee John R Teijaro Ian A Source Type: research

Research Articles Intranasal ChAdOx1 nCoV-19/AZD1222 vaccination reduces viral shedding after SARS-CoV-2 D614G challenge in preclinical models
ChAdOx1 nCoV-19/AZD1222 is an approved adenovirus-based vaccine for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) currently being deployed globally. Previous studies in rhesus macaques revealed that intramuscular vaccination with ChAdOx1 nCoV-19/AZD1222 provided protection against pneumonia but did not reduce shedding of SARS-CoV-2 from the upper respiratory tract. Here, we investigated whether intranasally administered ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 reduces detection of virus in nasal swabs after challenging vaccinated macaques and hamsters with SARS-CoV-2 carrying a D614G mutation in the spike protein. Viral loads in swa...
Source: Science Translational Medicine - August 18, 2021 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: van Doremalen, N., Purushotham, J. N., Schulz, J. E., Holbrook, M. G., Bushmaker, T., Carmody, A., Port, J. R., Yinda, C. K., Okumura, A., Saturday, G., Amanat, F., Krammer, F., Hanley, P. W., Smith, B. J., Lovaglio, J., Anzick, S. L., Barbian, K., Marten Tags: Research Articles Source Type: research

Research Articles A recombinant spike protein subunit vaccine confers protective immunity against SARS-CoV-2 infection and transmission in hamsters
Multiple safe and effective vaccines that elicit immune responses against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) are necessary to respond to the ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Here, we developed a protein subunit vaccine composed of spike ectodomain protein (StriFK) plus a nitrogen bisphosphonate–modified zinc-aluminum hybrid adjuvant (FH002C). StriFK-FH002C generated substantially higher neutralizing antibody titers in mice, hamsters, and cynomolgus monkeys than those observed in plasma isolated from COVID-19 convalescent individuals. StriFK-FH002C also induced both TH1- ...
Source: Science Translational Medicine - August 11, 2021 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Wu, Y., Huang, X., Yuan, L., Wang, S., Zhang, Y., Xiong, H., Chen, R., Ma, J., Qi, R., Nie, M., Xu, J., Zhang, Z., Chen, L., Wei, M., Zhou, M., Cai, M., Shi, Y., Zhang, L., Yu, H., Hong, J., Wang, Z., Hong, Y., Yue, M., Li, Z., Chen, D., Zheng, Q., Li, S. Tags: Research Articles Source Type: research

Comparison of the immunogenicity & amp; protective efficacy of various SARS-CoV-2 vaccine candidates in non-human primates
CONCLUSIONS: Our findings highlighted onset of quick immunogenicity and protective efficacy of mRNA-1273, followed by Ad26.CoV2.S, NVX-CoV2373, BNT162b2, RBD and BBV152 vaccine candidates in preclinical trials as compared to the others. NHP data also showed correlation with clinical trial data available for a few vaccines. Preclinical trials of COVID-19 vaccine candidates in NHPs yielded promising results, with some candidates faring better than others.PMID:33361645 | DOI:10.4103/ijmr.IJMR_4431_20
Source: The Indian Journal of Medical Research - December 28, 2020 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Labanya Mukhopadhyay Pragya D Yadav Nivedita Gupta Sreelekshmy Mohandas Deepak Y Patil Anita Shete-Aich Samiran Panda Balram Bhargava Source Type: research

Comparison of the immunogenicity & protective efficacy of various SARS-CoV-2 vaccine candidates in non-human primates.
Comparison of the immunogenicity & protective efficacy of various SARS-CoV-2 vaccine candidates in non-human primates. Indian J Med Res. 2020 Dec 23;: Authors: Mukhopadhyay L, Yadav PD, Gupta N, Mohandas S, Patil DY, Shete-Aich A, Panda S, Bhargava B Abstract Background & objectives: The COVID-19 pandemic has emerged as a global public health crisis and research groups worldwide are engaged in developing vaccine candidates to curb its transmission, with a few vaccines having progressed to advanced stages of clinical trials. The aim of this systematic review was to compare immunogenicity and pr...
Source: The Indian Journal of Medical Research - December 23, 2020 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Mukhopadhyay L, Yadav PD, Gupta N, Mohandas S, Patil DY, Shete-Aich A, Panda S, Bhargava B Tags: Indian J Med Res Source Type: research

Reviews Prospects for a safe COVID-19 vaccine
Rapid development of an efficacious vaccine against the viral pathogen severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), the cause of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, is essential, but rigorous studies are required to determine the safety of candidate vaccines. Here, on behalf of the Accelerating COVID-19 Therapeutic Interventions and Vaccines (ACTIV) Working Group, we evaluate research on the potential risk of immune enhancement of disease by vaccines and viral infections, including coronavirus infections, together with emerging data about COVID-19 disease. Vaccine-associated enhanced disease ...
Source: Science Translational Medicine - November 4, 2020 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Haynes, B. F., Corey, L., Fernandes, P., Gilbert, P. B., Hotez, P. J., Rao, S., Santos, M. R., Schuitemaker, H., Watson, M., Arvin, A. Tags: Reviews Source Type: research

Cell and animal models of SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis and immunity SPECIAL ARTICLE
ABSTRACT The spread of the novel virus SARS coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was explosive, with cases first identified in December 2019, and >22 million people infected and >775,000 deaths as of August 2020. SARS-CoV-2 can cause severe respiratory disease in humans leading to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The development of effective clinical interventions, such as antivirals and vaccines that can limit or even prevent the burden and spread of SARS-CoV-2, is a global health priority. Testing of leading antivirals, monoclonal antibody therapies and vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 will require robust animal and cell mode...
Source: DMM Disease Models and Mechanisms - August 31, 2020 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Leist, S. R., Schäfer, A., Martinez, D. R. Tags: SPECIAL ARTICLE Source Type: research

Drug treatment options for the 2019-new coronavirus (2019-nCoV).
Authors: Lu H Abstract As of January 22, 2020, a total of 571 cases of the 2019-new coronavirus (2019-nCoV) have been reported in 25 provinces (districts and cities) in China. At present, there is no vaccine or antiviral treatment for human and animal coronavirus, so that identifying the drug treatment options as soon as possible is critical for the response to the 2019-nCoV outbreak. Three general methods, which include existing broad-spectrum antiviral drugs using standard assays, screening of a chemical library containing many existing compounds or databases, and the redevelopment of new specific drugs based on ...
Source: BioScience Trends - February 1, 2020 Category: Biomedical Science Tags: Biosci Trends Source Type: research

Research Articles Human polyclonal immunoglobulin G from transchromosomic bovines inhibits MERS-CoV in vivo
As of 13 November 2015, 1618 laboratory-confirmed human cases of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infection, including 579 deaths, had been reported to the World Health Organization. No specific preventive or therapeutic agent of proven value against MERS-CoV is currently available. Public Health England and the International Severe Acute Respiratory and Emerging Infection Consortium identified passive immunotherapy with neutralizing antibodies as a treatment approach that warrants priority study. Two experimental MERS-CoV vaccines were used to vaccinate two groups of transchromosomic (Tc) bovines th...
Source: Science Translational Medicine - February 17, 2016 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Luke, T., Wu, H., Zhao, J., Channappanavar, R., Coleman, C. M., Jiao, J.-A., Matsushita, H., Liu, Y., Postnikova, E. N., Ork, B. L., Glenn, G., Flyer, D., Defang, G., Raviprakash, K., Kochel, T., Wang, J., Nie, W., Smith, G., Hensley, L. E., Olinger, G. G Tags: Research Articles Source Type: research