Commentary: Explaining intervention and exposure effects: an introduction to mediation analysis
Medical research is often focused on determining the impact of interventions or exposures on specific health outcomes, but what often remains unknown is how interventions and exposures transmit their effects on health outcomes. These “how” questions refer to the causal mechanisms that explain intervention and exposure effects.1-3 Insight into causal mechanisms underlying intervention and exposure effects is important, as these insights help refine research theories and provide input for the development of effective intervent ions. (Source: Seminars in Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery)
Source: Seminars in Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery - November 25, 2021 Category: Cardiovascular & Thoracic Surgery Authors: Judith J.M. Rijnhart, Matthew J. Valente Tags: CONGENITAL – Commentary Source Type: research

Post-Operative Outcomes Associated with Open versus Robotic Thymectomy: A Propensity Matched Analysis
To compare post-operative outcomes associated with thymectomy performed using either open or robotic approaches. (Source: Seminars in Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery)
Source: Seminars in Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery - November 25, 2021 Category: Cardiovascular & Thoracic Surgery Authors: Stephan A. Soder, Clare Pollock, Pasquale Ferraro, Edwin Lafontaine, Jocelyne Martin, Basil Nasir, Moishe Liberman Tags: THORACIC – Original Submission Source Type: research

Commentary: A New Way to Gauge Pectus Severity
Pectus excavatum is a disorder which most thoracic surgeons will encounter at some point in their practices. The degree of cardiac compression in patients with pectus excavatum is an important measurement in assessing the need for operative repair. Typically the assessment is done using computed tomography of the chest. The widest transverse measurement of the chest is compared to the anterior-posterior distance to calculate the Haller index1. When determining whether surgery is needed or not, it is helpful to determine how significantly the heart is being compressed. (Source: Seminars in Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery)
Source: Seminars in Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery - November 25, 2021 Category: Cardiovascular & Thoracic Surgery Authors: Hollis Johanson, Ikenna Okereke Tags: THORACIC – Commentary Source Type: research

Influence of shunt type on survival and right heart function after the Norwood procedure for aortic atresia
The study objective was to compare the results after Norwood procedure between modified Blalock-Taussig shunt (MBTS) and right ventricle-to-pulmonary artery conduit (RVPAC) according to Sano in patients with hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) and aortic atresia (AA). A total of 146 neonates with HLHS and AA who underwent the Norwood procedure at our institution between 2001 and 2020 were divided into two groups according to shunt type (MBTS or RVPAC). Survival after the Norwood procedure was compared between the groups. (Source: Seminars in Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery)
Source: Seminars in Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery - November 25, 2021 Category: Cardiovascular & Thoracic Surgery Authors: Nicole Piber, Masamichi Ono, Jonas Palm, Takashi Kido, Melchior Burri, Christoph R öhlig, Martina Strbad, Julie Cleuziou, Julia Lemmer, Daniel Dilber, Frank Klawonn, Peter Ewert, Alfred Hager, Jürgen Hörer Tags: CONGENITAL – Original Submission Source Type: research

Discussion
AATS 2020 VIRTUAL ANNUAL MEETING (Source: Seminars in Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery)
Source: Seminars in Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery - November 18, 2021 Category: Cardiovascular & Thoracic Surgery Tags: Discussion Source Type: research

Discussion
AATS 2019 #319 (Source: Seminars in Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery)
Source: Seminars in Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery - November 18, 2021 Category: Cardiovascular & Thoracic Surgery Tags: Discussion Source Type: research

Association Officers
(Source: Seminars in Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery)
Source: Seminars in Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery - November 18, 2021 Category: Cardiovascular & Thoracic Surgery Source Type: research

Contents
(Source: Seminars in Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery)
Source: Seminars in Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery - November 18, 2021 Category: Cardiovascular & Thoracic Surgery Source Type: research

Masthead (copyright and information page)
(Source: Seminars in Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery)
Source: Seminars in Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery - November 18, 2021 Category: Cardiovascular & Thoracic Surgery Source Type: research

Recent Articles in AATS Journals
(Source: Seminars in Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery)
Source: Seminars in Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery - November 18, 2021 Category: Cardiovascular & Thoracic Surgery Source Type: research

Commentary: 1V, 1.5V, 2V Does It Really Matter?
Management of patients with pulmonary atresia and intact ventricular septum (PAIVS) varies widely depending on anatomic characteristics and institutional preference.1 Patients with right ventricle-dependent coronary circulation2 are managed as single-ventricle patients. For patients without right ventricle-dependent coronary circulation (Fig. 1), we (as many others) have advocated a staged approach with initial establishment of continuity between the right ventricle (RV) and pulmonary artery (PA) (with or without an aortopulmonary shunt) to promote RV growth, followed by an RV overhaul to enlarge the ventricular cavity b...
Source: Seminars in Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery - November 12, 2021 Category: Cardiovascular & Thoracic Surgery Authors: Sujata Subramanian, Carlos M Mery Tags: ADULT Commentary Source Type: research

Commentary: It's a Heartache 2.0?
In a recent editorial It's a Heartache,1 the Houston Methodist and MD Anderson Cancer Institute's surgical experience with 122 primary cardiac sarcomas (PCS) patients2 was likened to the verse It's Nothing But a Heartache from the 1977 Bonnie Tyler release It's A Heartache.3 Consequently, this review of the P rimary Pulmonary Artery Sarcoma (PPAS) resection cohort from the same institution is entitled It's A Heartache 2.0? as it summarizes a sub-group from the initial report. (Source: Seminars in Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery)
Source: Seminars in Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery - November 12, 2021 Category: Cardiovascular & Thoracic Surgery Authors: Frank A. Baciewicz Tags: ADULT Commentary Source Type: research

Commentary: “It's a Heartache 2.0″
In a recent editorial “It's a Heartache,”1 the Houston Methodist and MD Anderson Cancer Institute's surgical experience with 122 primary cardiac sarcomas (PCS) patients2 was likened to the verse “It's Nothing But a Heartache” from the 1977 Bonnie Tyler release It's A Heartache.3 Consequently, this review of the P rimary Pulmonary Artery Sarcoma (PPAS) resection cohort from the same institution is entitled “It's A Heartache 2.0″ as it summarizes a sub-group from the initial report. (Source: Seminars in Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery)
Source: Seminars in Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery - November 12, 2021 Category: Cardiovascular & Thoracic Surgery Authors: Frank A. Baciewicz Tags: ADULT – Commentary Source Type: research

Comparison of Preoperative Surgical Risk Estimated by Thoracic Surgeons vs a Standardized Surgical Risk Prediction Tool
Considerable variability exists between surgeons ’ assessments of a patient's individual preoperative surgical risk. Surgical risk calculators are not routinely used despite their validation. We sought to compare thoracic surgeons’ prediction of patients’ risk of postoperative adverse outcomes vs a surgical risk calculator, the Surgical Risk Preoperative Assessment System (SURPAS). We developed vignettes from 30 randomly selected patients who underwent thoracic surgery in the American College of Surgeons’ National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database. (Source: Seminars in Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery)
Source: Seminars in Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery - November 12, 2021 Category: Cardiovascular & Thoracic Surgery Authors: Adam R. Dyas, Kathryn L. Colborn, Michael R. Bronsert, William G. Henderson, Nicholas J. Mason, Paul D. Rozeboom, Nisha Pradhan, Anne Lambert-Kerzner, Robert A. Meguid Tags: THORACIC – Original Submission Source Type: research

Development of prediction models for cardiac compression in pectus excavatum based on three-dimensional surface images
The objective was to develop a 3D image-based prediction model for cardiac compression in patients evaluated for pectus excavatum. A prospective cohort study was conducted including consecutive patients referred for pectus excavatum who received a thoracic CT. (Source: Seminars in Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery)
Source: Seminars in Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery - November 12, 2021 Category: Cardiovascular & Thoracic Surgery Authors: Jean H.T. Daemen, Samuel Heuts, Ashkan Rezazadah Ardabili, Jos G. Maessen, Karel W.E. Hulsew é, Yvonne L.J. Vissers, Erik R. de Loos Tags: THORACIC – Original Submission Source Type: research