Anhedonia in Depressive Disorder: A Narrative Review
Since the introduction of DSM-III anhedonia has become a core depressive criterion and is defined as the loss of interest or pleasure. Although the origin of the word goes back to the end of the 19th century and numerous anhedonic symptoms are described in classic texts on depression, this centrality in the diagnosis of depression is only recent. Anhedonia is best described as a symptom complex with unclear boundaries cutting across the tripartite model of the mind (affect, volition, and cognition). Popular concepts of anhedonia pertain to the pleasure cycle and positive affectivity. These concepts partially overlap and ar...
Source: Psychopathology - July 15, 2020 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Publisher's Note
Psychopathology (Source: Psychopathology)
Source: Psychopathology - July 15, 2020 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Moving beyond Ordinary Factor Analysis in Studies of Personality and Personality Disorder: A Computational Modeling Perspective
Almost all forms of psychopathology, including personality disorders, are arrived at through complex interactions among neurobiological vulnerabilities and environmental risk factors across development. Yet despite increasing recognition of etiological complexity, psychopathology research is still dominated by searches for large main effects causes. This derives in part from reliance on traditional inferential methods, including ordinary factor analysis, regression, ANCOVA, and other techniques that use statistical partialing to isolate unique effects. In principle, some of these methods can accommodate etiological complex...
Source: Psychopathology - July 14, 2020 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
The Hoarding Phenomenon in Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders
The presence of hoarding behavior among patients with schizophrenia has been known for more than a century. Nevertheless, only a few studies have examined the hoarding phenomenon among patients with schizophrenia, and no studies have examined the potential motivation. Hoarding disorder became a separate diagnosis in DSM-5. Studies about hoarding disorder use primarily quantitative approaches (e.g., scales, self-administered questionnaires, and structured interviews) when assessing the patients. The main objectives of this study were to examine the meaning of hoarding for patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders and t...
Source: Psychopathology - July 9, 2020 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
An Overview of the DSM-5 Alternative Model of Personality Disorders
Authoritative classification systems for psychopathology such as the DSM and ICD are shifting toward more dimensional approaches in the field of personality disorders (PDs). In this paper, we provide a brief overview of the dimensionally oriented DSM-5 alternative model of PDs (AMPD). Since its publication in 2013, the AMPD has inspired a substantial number of studies, underlining its generative influence on the field. Generally speaking, this literature illustrates both the reliability and validity of the constructs delineated in the AMPD. The literature also illustrates empirical challenges to the conceptual clarity of t...
Source: Psychopathology - July 9, 2020 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Anxiety Mediates the Relationship between Psychotic-Like Experiences and Social Functioning in the General Population
Conclusion: Taken together with previous reports, the current findings suggest that anxiety is a functionally relevant dimension across the psychosis continuum and improving anxiety may improve social functioning across this continuum.Psychopathology (Source: Psychopathology)
Source: Psychopathology - July 3, 2020 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Associations between Self-Disorders and First-Rank Symptoms: An Empirical Study
Conclusion: The close relation between first-rank symptoms and self-disorders seems to support Schneider ’s original concept of first-rank symptoms. We suggest that first-rank symptoms occurring without the pervasively altered self-experiences might not be different from other psychotic phenomena in terms of their diagnostic significance. Awareness of self-disorders can help clinicians in assessing a nd detecting first-rank symptoms.Psychopathology (Source: Psychopathology)
Source: Psychopathology - July 1, 2020 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Intact Classical Fear Conditioning to Interpersonally Threatening Stimuli in Borderline Personality Disorder
Threat hypersensitivity is regarded as a central mechanism of deficient emotion regulation, a core feature of patients with borderline personality disorder (BPD). Here, we employed a classical fear-conditioning protocol in which interpersonally threatening, interpersonally non-threatening, and non-social (neutral) visual stimuli were predictive of an aversive auditory stimulus in a sample of 23 medication-free adult female patients with BPD and 21 age- and IQ-matched healthy women. The results did not confirm the hypothesized enhanced and prolonged conditioned skin conductance responses (SCR) and subjective stress and expe...
Source: Psychopathology - June 12, 2020 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
The Alternative Model of Personality Disorders (AMPD) from the Perspective of the Five-Factor Model
The fifth edition of the American Psychiatric Association ’s (APA)Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders(DSM-5; American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. 5th ed. Washington: American Psychiatric Association; 2013) includes an Alternative Model of Personality Disorders (AMPD). The AMPD includes two components: the Criterion A level of personality functioning (i.e., impairments or deficits in the sense of self and interpersonal relatedness) and the Criterion B five-domain maladaptive trait model. The purpose of the current paper is to discuss the AMPD from the p...
Source: Psychopathology - June 11, 2020 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Adolescent Personality Pathology and the Alternative Model for Personality Disorders: Self Development as Nexus
This paper reviews maladaptive trait development (DSM-5 Section III Criterion B), the development of DSM-5 Section II borderline personality disorder, and research on the development of identity, self-direction, empathy/mentalizing, and intimacy (DSM-5 Section III Criterion A). Combined, these previously disparate literatures begin to point to an integrated developmental theory of personality pathology, which suggests that Criterion A concepts (identity, self-direction, empathy, and intimacy) coalesce around the development of self, marking a discontinuous (qualitative) developmental shift. This developmental shift is a fu...
Source: Psychopathology - May 28, 2020 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
A Common Metric for Self-Reported Severity of Personality Disorder
Conclusions: Our results suggest that 6 different self-report measures of the severity of PD capture a strong common factor and can therefore be scaled along a single latent continuum. Our results may facilitate instrument-independent assessment of severity of PD and increase comparability across studies.Psychopathology (Source: Psychopathology)
Source: Psychopathology - May 19, 2020 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Making Meaning Together: Embodied Narratives in a Case of Severe Autism
Shared understanding is generated between individuals before speech through a language of body movement and non-verbal vocalisation, expression of feeling and interest made in gestures of movement and voice. Human understanding is co-created in these embodied projects, displayed in serially organised expressions with shared timing of reciprocal actions between partners. These develop in narrative events that build over cycles of reciprocal expressive action in a four-part structure shared by all the time-based arts: “introduction,” “development,” “climax,” and “conclusion.” Pre-linguistic narrative establis...
Source: Psychopathology - May 18, 2020 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Integrating Structure and Function in Conceptualizing and Assessing Pathological Traits
The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders ’ (5th Edition) Alternative Model of Personality Disorders includes a dimensional trait model to describe individual differences in the manifestation of personality pathology. Empirically derived quantitative trait models of psychopathology address many of the structural problems of classical diag nostic schemes (e.g., nonbinary distributions, excessive comorbidity, and diagnostic heterogeneity). However, they are largely based on the structure of individual differences in the manifestation of psychopathology. In contrast, clinical theories of personality disorder...
Source: Psychopathology - May 6, 2020 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Erratum
Psychopathology (Source: Psychopathology)
Source: Psychopathology - July 5, 2019 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Arguments for a Phenomenologically Informed Clinical Approach to Autism Spectrum Disorder
Conclusion: A phenomenologically informed focus on the form and structure of subjective experience, including a focus on self-experience in ASD, can lead to new and important insights in relation to clinical differentiation between ASD and schizophrenia spectrum disorder.Psychopathology (Source: Psychopathology)
Source: Psychopathology - June 6, 2019 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
