“After god is police”: lived experiences of rural police officers in Trinidad and Tobago
Leah Cleghorn, Casandra Harry, Chantelle Cummings Policing: An International Journal, Vol. ahead-of-print, No. ahead-of-print, pp.- In Trinidad and Tobago, there is significant reliance on the traditional and centralized police service to engage in crime response and suppression in urban and rural areas. In this regard, policing scholarship has largely focused on the impact of policing within urban areas, producing a gap in knowledge on what policing rural spaces entails. Despite this, there is some understanding that policing rural spaces can engender diverse challenges and calls for variability in policing strategies. T...
Source: Policing: An International Journal of Police Strategies and Management - April 25, 2024 Category: Criminology Authors: Leah Cleghorn Casandra Harry Chantelle Cummings Source Type: research

The effect of supervisors making  after-hours work requests on employees’ job stress: the cross-level contextual effect of social support
This study also revealed that social support can reduce employees’ job stress in a cross-level fashion. Furthermore, social support, especially organizational and supervisory support, can decrease the negative effect of job stress on employees’ quality of life and well-being.Theoretically, this study has broadened the research scope of the organizational application of communication software, and practically, this study has demonstrated the reason why organizations should provide social support and select employees with suitable personality traits. (Source: Policing: An International Journal of Police Strategies and Management)
Source: Policing: An International Journal of Police Strategies and Management - April 19, 2024 Category: Criminology Authors: Jui-Chung Kao Hsiang-Yu Ma Kao Rui-Hsin Cheng-Chung Cho Source Type: research

Police officer attitudes toward pre-arrest behavioral health diversion programs: identifying determinants of support for deflection using a machine learning method
This study explores the determinants of police officer support for pre-arrest/booking deflection programs that divert people presenting with substance use and/or mental health disorder symptoms out of the criminal justice system and connect them to supportive services.This study analyzes responses from 254 surveys fielded to police officers in Delaware. Questionnaires asked about views on leadership, approaches toward crime, training, occupational experience and officer’s personal characteristics. The study applies a new machine learning method called kernel-based regularized least squares (KRLS) for non-linearities and ...
Source: Policing: An International Journal of Police Strategies and Management - April 19, 2024 Category: Criminology Authors: Ellen A. Donnelly Madeline Stenger Daniel J. O'Connell Adam Gavnik Jullianne Regalado Laura Bayona-Roman Source Type: research

Drug recognition experts in trials: perspectives from criminal justice system actors
Brittany Solensten, Dale Willits Policing: An International Journal, Vol. ahead-of-print, No. ahead-of-print, pp.- The purpose of this study was to fill the gap in understanding the impact of Drug Recognition Expert (DRE) evidence and testimony in driving under the influence (DUI) trials. This was accomplished by documenting and analyzing the perceptions of DREs and the DRE program across different stakeholders to understand how and when this type of evidence is used in DUI trials.The methodology is a qualitative case study of the DRE program in one police agency in Washington. Data were collected using semi-structured in...
Source: Policing: An International Journal of Police Strategies and Management - April 15, 2024 Category: Criminology Authors: Brittany Solensten Dale Willits Source Type: research

Rural American farmers ’ perceptions of crime, safety and policing
Rural American farmers’ perceptions of crime, safety and policing Jessica Rene Peterson, Kyle C. Ward, Michaela Lawrie Policing: An International Journal, Vol. ahead-of-print, No. ahead-of-print, pp.- The purpose is to understand how farmers in rural American communities perceive crime, safety and policing.An online survey, adapted from a version used in Victoria, Australia (Harkness, 2017), was modified and administered through social media and farming organizations throughout three US states. The survey covers topics relating to crime and victimization, feelings of safety or fear in rural areas, policing practices and...
Source: Policing: An International Journal of Police Strategies and Management - April 15, 2024 Category: Criminology Authors: Jessica Rene Peterson Kyle C. Ward Michaela Lawrie Source Type: research

Police responses to vulnerable populations: tracking the evolution from “zero-policing” to “co-responding”
Robert J. Kane, Jordan M. Hyatt, Matthew J. Teti Policing: An International Journal, Vol. ahead-of-print, No. ahead-of-print, pp.- The paper examines the historical shifts in policing strategies towards individuals with SMI and vulnerable populations, highlighting the development of co-response models, introducing the concept of “untethered” co-response.This paper conducts a review of literature to trace the evolution of police responses to individuals with serious mental illness (SMI) and vulnerable populations. It categorizes four generations of police approaches—zero-policing, over-policing, crisis intervention a...
Source: Policing: An International Journal of Police Strategies and Management - April 12, 2024 Category: Criminology Authors: Robert J. Kane Jordan M. Hyatt Matthew J. Teti Source Type: research

Emergency policing and public trust in the police in Ghana: evidence from the COVID-19 pandemic
This study is unique because it uses national representative data to assess the effect of police enforcement of COVID-19 health measures on public trust in the police in Ghana. Furthermore, this study is among the first or among the few from Ghana and the sub-region to examine the nexus between health emergencies and policing. (Source: Policing: An International Journal of Police Strategies and Management)
Source: Policing: An International Journal of Police Strategies and Management - April 10, 2024 Category: Criminology Authors: Michael K. Dzordzormenyoh Claudia Dzordzormenyoh Jerry Dogbey-Gakpetor Source Type: research

Policing the pandemic in rural America: experiences from Pennsylvania
This study explored the effects of the coronavirus pandemic on rural municipal police in Pennsylvania.The authors surveyed rural police chiefs and sworn officers to inquire about their intra-department organizational capabilities, police-community relations, well-being practices, and how these strategies may have developed since March 2020.The pandemic affected rural police officers and rural policing strategies in many ways. Moreover, existing challenges to limited rural police budgets were exacerbated suggesting a need for more flexible budgetary capacities, access to wellness resources were limited suggesting better acc...
Source: Policing: An International Journal of Police Strategies and Management - April 1, 2024 Category: Criminology Authors: Vanessa Jesenia Guti érrez Daniel Lee Source Type: research

Willingness to cooperate with police in hate crime cases: the impact of police legitimacy, police encounters and race/ethnicity
This study used a sample of 693 college students and was conducted at a public university in the south-central region of the southern United States of America. Ordinary least squares (OLS) regression models were used to examine factors related to willingness to cooperate with police.Findings show that those who have a high level of positive perceptions of police legitimacy and those who have a low level of negative personal experience with police reported more willingness to cooperate. Asian respondents were less likely to report that they would cooperate with police compared to white respondents.This study, emphasizing th...
Source: Policing: An International Journal of Police Strategies and Management - March 30, 2024 Category: Criminology Authors: Selye Lee Source Type: research

Exploring changes in urban, small town and rural policing during the COVID-19 pandemic: does urbanicity matter?
This study is the first one to explore the differences in perceptions of COVID-19-related changes in reactive and proactive police activities in a centralized police system. (Source: Policing: An International Journal of Police Strategies and Management)
Source: Policing: An International Journal of Police Strategies and Management - March 28, 2024 Category: Criminology Authors: Sanja Kutnjak Ivkovi ć Marijana Kotlaja Yang Liu Peter Neyroud Irena Cajner Mraovi ć Krunoslav Borovec Jon Mask ály Source Type: research

Guest editorial: Policing and Asian communities: an area that has been neglected by police scholars
Hyeyoung Lim, Brian Lawton, John J. Sloan Policing: An International Journal, Vol. 47, No. 2, pp.145-149 (Source: Policing: An International Journal of Police Strategies and Management)
Source: Policing: An International Journal of Police Strategies and Management - March 26, 2024 Category: Criminology Authors: Hyeyoung Lim Brian Lawton John J. Sloan Source Type: research

Active shooter incidents: training, safety, culture and officers ’ support for prioritizing victims’ lives above their own
This study provides a preliminary understanding of the police view regarding their role in active shooter events and their experiences with active shooter training.We conducted a survey of 413 sworn personnel across three US cities. Analyses examine differences in officers’ training experiences across the agencies and predictors of a sense of duty to prioritize victims’ lives over that of officers.Officers’ training experiences differed by agency, yet most officers supported a duty to sacrifice their lives to prioritize victims’ safety during active shooter incidents. Officers with more years of experience have low...
Source: Policing: An International Journal of Police Strategies and Management - March 22, 2024 Category: Criminology Authors: Scott W. Phillips Tammy Rinehart Kochel Source Type: research

The final frontier: police culture for  women in men’s spaces
This study explores how police culture is experienced by women officers serving in positions where they are significantly underrepresented (i.e. leadership and elite specialty units) and the environmental factors that shape these experiences.A qualitative analysis of transcripts from interviews with 71 women serving in male-dominated roles was conducted (N = 39 ranking women; N = 32 women on elite units).Participants described five occupational, organizational and assignment-level factors that shaped their workplace experiences. While some contextual forces at play are similar for women working patrol (e.g. traditional...
Source: Policing: An International Journal of Police Strategies and Management - March 22, 2024 Category: Criminology Authors: Natalie Todak Source Type: research

Intertwined rural and urban policing in the local communities of  the Pomurje region in Slovenia
Intertwined rural and urban policing in the local communities of the Pomurje region in Slovenia Katja Eman, Damir Ivančić, Dejan Bagari Policing: An International Journal, Vol. ahead-of-print, No. ahead-of-print, pp.- The purpose of the paper is to present the results of research in the region covered by the Murska Sobota Police Directorate based on semi-structured interviews we conducted with community policing officers in the rural and urban areas of Pomurje.Community policing is one of the more recent (yet hardly new) ways of ensuring security. It focuses on collaboration between citizens and the police, the joint id...
Source: Policing: An International Journal of Police Strategies and Management - March 20, 2024 Category: Criminology Authors: Katja Eman Damir Ivan čić Dejan Bagari Source Type: research

Responding to domestic and family violence in resource-constrained contexts: a case study on rural policing innovations in Melanesia
This article discusses how police responses are coordinated to address domestic and family violence (DFV) and provides a critical reflection on both internal responses and the complexities of multi-partner operations beyond urban spaces.This article draws on the findings from a stakeholder engagement focus group with 20 participants from four Melanesian countries – Fiji, Papua New Guinea, the Solomon Islands and Vanuatu – to provide insight into policing innovations in rural contexts.There is a need for improved multisector partnerships, increased police presence and greater reliance on indigenous strategies to improve...
Source: Policing: An International Journal of Police Strategies and Management - March 19, 2024 Category: Criminology Authors: Danielle Verlene Christal Watson Sara N. Amin Amanda L. Robinson Source Type: research