Education in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit
This article addresses the latest data and ideas related to education in the pediatric intensive care unit, including traditional education methods with newer and technology-based methods. A review of adult learning theory is included with discussions regarding medical decision making and error prevention, bedside teaching, medical simulation, and electronic methods of education. (Source: Pediatric Clinics of North America)
Source: Pediatric Clinics of North America - June 1, 2022 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Jeff A. Clark Source Type: research
Cardiovascular Critical Care in Children
Pediatric cardiac critical care has evolved with advances in congenital heart surgery, interventional cardiac catheterization, and diagnostic advances. Debate remains over the optimal location of care and training background despite data showing that systems established in collaboration with multidisciplinary experts in the care of children with congenital heart disease are associated with the best outcomes. Operative mortality is low, and preventing morbidity is the new focus of the future. Advances in screening and fetal diagnosis, mechanical circulatory support, and collaborative research and quality improvement initiat...
Source: Pediatric Clinics of North America - June 1, 2022 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Katherine Cashen, Raya Safa Source Type: research
Acute Liver Failure in Children
Acute liver failure (ALF) in children, irrespective of cause, is a rapidly evolving catastrophic clinical condition that results in high mortality and morbidity without prompt identification and intervention. Massive hepatocyte necrosis impairs the synthetic, excretory, and detoxification abilities of the liver, with resultant coagulopathy, jaundice, metabolic disturbance, and encephalopathy. Extrahepatic organ damage, multiorgan failure, and death result from circulating inflammatory mediators released by the hepatocytes undergoing necrosis. There are yet no treatment options available for reversing or halting hepatocellu...
Source: Pediatric Clinics of North America - June 1, 2022 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Divya G. Sabapathy, Moreshwar S. Desai Source Type: research
Mechanical Ventilation and Respiratory Support in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit
Children admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit often require respiratory support for the treatment of respiratory distress and failure. Respiratory support comprises both noninvasive modalities (ie, heated humidified high-flow nasal cannula, continuous positive airway pressure, bilevel positive airway pressure, negative pressure ventilation) and invasive mechanical ventilation. In this article, we review the various essential elements and considerations involved in the planning and application of respiratory support in the treatment of the critically ill children. (Source: Pediatric Clinics of North America)
Source: Pediatric Clinics of North America - June 1, 2022 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Omar Alibrahim, Kyle J. Rehder, Andrew G. Miller, Alexandre T. Rotta Source Type: research
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The very first pediatric intensive care units were established in the late 1960s with one attending physician who was always on call, and a couple of fellows who usually were on call every other night. One-hundred-hour work weeks and forty-eight hours without sleep were common, and the ability to brag about this was a badge of honor. Despite the fatigue and sleep deprivation, we were taught, and we learned. Along the way, we saw evidence that the lack of sleep caused harm in many ways, so long work hours and bleary eyes, missing meals, living in the call room, and not seeing our families for days on end are no more. (Sourc...
Source: Pediatric Clinics of North America - June 1, 2022 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Mary W. Lieh-Lai, Katherine Cashen Tags: Preface Source Type: research
CME Accreditation Page
(Source: Pediatric Clinics of North America)
Source: Pediatric Clinics of North America - June 1, 2022 Category: Pediatrics Source Type: research
Pediatric Critical Care
PEDIATRIC CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA (Source: Pediatric Clinics of North America)
Source: Pediatric Clinics of North America - June 1, 2022 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Mary W. Lieh-Lai, Katherine Cashen Source Type: research
Copyright
ELSEVIER (Source: Pediatric Clinics of North America)
Source: Pediatric Clinics of North America - June 1, 2022 Category: Pediatrics Source Type: research
Contributors
BONITA F. STANTON, MD (Source: Pediatric Clinics of North America)
Source: Pediatric Clinics of North America - June 1, 2022 Category: Pediatrics Source Type: research
Contents
Mary W. Lieh-Lai and Katherine Cashen (Source: Pediatric Clinics of North America)
Source: Pediatric Clinics of North America - June 1, 2022 Category: Pediatrics Source Type: research
Forthcoming Issues
Progress in Behavioral Health Interventions for Children and Adolescents (Source: Pediatric Clinics of North America)
Source: Pediatric Clinics of North America - June 1, 2022 Category: Pediatrics Source Type: research
Pediatric Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Pediatric obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common entity that can cause both daytime and nighttime issues. Children with symptoms should be screened for OSA. If possible, polysomnography should be performed to evaluate symptomatic children. Depending on the severity, first-line options for treatment of pediatric OSA may include observation, weight loss, medication, or surgery. Even after adenotonsillectomy, about 20% of children will have persistent OSA. Sleep endoscopy and cine MRI are tools that may be used to identify sites of obstruction, which in turn can help in the selection of site-specific treatment. (Source: Pe...
Source: Pediatric Clinics of North America - March 23, 2022 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Pakkay Ngai, Michael Chee Source Type: research
Nasal Obstruction in the Infant
Neonatal nasal obstruction is common in both the hospital and clinic settings. Causes can range from rhinitis to congenital masses, with a wide variety of congenital nasal masses described. A complete history and physical examination are necessary for correct diagnosis and management. Arhinia and bilateral choanal atresia will present with complete obstruction leading to forced mouth breathing. Partial obstruction will require assessment of nasal patency with possible nasal endoscopy and imaging. Medical and surgical options for treatment are discussed. (Source: Pediatric Clinics of North America)
Source: Pediatric Clinics of North America - March 23, 2022 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Samantha Frank, Scott R. Schoem Source Type: research
Stridor in the Infant Patient
Stridor is a high-pitched extrathoracic noise associated with turbulent airflow, commonly associated with respiratory distress in infants. Workup for stridor requires evaluation of the upper-respiratory airway, with severe distress requiring evaluation under anesthesia. The differential diagnosis of stridor depends on location of the obstruction, age of the patient, and acuity of the symptoms. The most common reason is laryngomalacia; most patients can be managed conservatively with resolution of symptoms by 2 years of age. In children who do not improve or have severe disease, supraglottoplasty is the treatment of choic...
Source: Pediatric Clinics of North America - March 23, 2022 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Habib G. Zalzal, George H. Zalzal Source Type: research
Recurrent Croup
Croup refers to airway inflammation and edema leading to obstruction of the larynx, trachea, and bronchi. Croup is the most common cause of acute airway obstruction in young children. It is characterized by the onset of low-grade fever, barky cough, stridor, hoarseness, and respiratory distress. Croup is typically caused by a viral infection (viral croup) but can occur suddenly without a viral prodrome (spasmodic croup). Recurrent croup is defined as two or more episodes per year. Recurrent croup should be considered a symptom of an underlying structural or inflammatory airway abnormality and should prompt a work-up for th...
Source: Pediatric Clinics of North America - March 23, 2022 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Huma Quraishi, Donna J. Lee Source Type: research
