Acute bone and joint infections in children: current concepts
Paediatric bone and joint infections can be associated with devastating consequences for the growing child. The diagnosis is challenging, requiring experienced clinical examination with adjunct diagnostic tests to aid the distinction between a multitude of differential diagnoses which includes transient synovitis, fracture, neoplasia, rheumatological conditions, blood disorders and infection. Emergent diagnosis is required to prevent consequences such as sepsis, chronic infection, angular deformity and disruption of longitudinal bone growth. (Source: Paediatrics and Child Health)
Source: Paediatrics and Child Health - December 10, 2021 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Markus Ludwig Sagmeister, Alastair James Dyer Robertson, Richard Freeman, Jo Dartnell Tags: Symposium: Connective tissue and bone Source Type: research
Neurodevelopmental outcomes of extremely preterm infants: theoretical and epidemiological perspectives to guide shared-care decision-making
Although births below 28 completed weeks' of gestation contribute to less than 1% of all preterm births globally, the impact of extreme prematurity (EPT) on neurodevelopmental outcomes across the life-course is disproportionately large. Higher rates and increased severity of neurodevelopmental impairments (NDIs) are reported among extremely preterm infants (EPIs). Cognitive skills, motor skills (manifesting as cerebral palsy) and vision are most commonly affected, with effects pervasive throughout school, adolescence and early adulthood. (Source: Paediatrics and Child Health)
Source: Paediatrics and Child Health - December 7, 2021 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Michelle Fernandes, Sean Hanna, Alok Sharma Tags: Symposium: Neonatology Source Type: research
A practical approach to joint pain in children
Children presenting with joint pain are not uncommon - approximately 5% of all paediatric emergency department encounters are due to atraumatic childhood limp. The majority of these cases are benign and self-limiting; however, a thorough history, examination and selection of appropriate investigations are required in order to exclude rare, serious, and life-threatening underlying pathological conditions. This review article proposes a structured approach to the limping child, risk stratifies disease based on age, radiological and laboratory findings, and provides a standardized algorithm to expedite diagnosis and ensure sa...
Source: Paediatrics and Child Health - December 2, 2021 Category: Pediatrics Authors: James Price, Peter Heinz Tags: Symposium: Connective tissue and bone Source Type: research
Infection-induced arthritis
It is not uncommon for children and young people to present with evidence of joint inflammation and recent infection. Microorganisms can influence the development of arthritis through numerous mechanisms. The reactive arthritis syndrome classically refers to sterile joint inflammation, sometimes accompanied by extra-articular symptoms like uveitis, which manifests after recent infection of the gastrointestinal or genitourinary systems. Once the diagnosis is made, reactive arthritis can often be managed supportively as most children and young people experience quick resolution of their disease. (Source: Paediatrics and Child Health)
Source: Paediatrics and Child Health - December 2, 2021 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Joshua L. Bennett, Ethan S. Sen Tags: Symposium: Connective tissue and bone Source Type: research
Managing paediatric musculoskeletal diseases with biological agents
The introduction of biological agents (BA) has markedly improved the outcome for children with musculoskeletal (MSK) diseases over the past two decades. Several BA have been developed, which alone or in combination with other immunomodulators, such as disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARD), have resulted in disease remission as an achievable target. Their use has also led to the reduction of reliance of steroid treatment and its undesirable side effects. The widest range of BA has been used for managing juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), which is the most common rheumatic disease in childhood. (Source: Paediatrics and Child Health)
Source: Paediatrics and Child Health - December 2, 2021 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Chantelle Richards, Charalampia Papadopoulou Tags: Symposium: Connective tissue and bone Source Type: research
Variations in gait development: what is normal and when should I be concerned?
Normal healthy children vary in the pattern of their gait development. Deviation from parents ’ expectation and comparison with peers may lead to anxiety and medical consultation. It is essential to identify the important pathological diagnoses among the array of normal variants to facilitate early intervention and optimize outcomes. (Source: Paediatrics and Child Health)
Source: Paediatrics and Child Health - December 2, 2021 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Christine Douglas, Jonathan Wright, Benjamin Jacobs Tags: Symposium: Connective tissue and bone Source Type: research
Editorial Board
(Source: Paediatrics and Child Health)
Source: Paediatrics and Child Health - December 1, 2021 Category: Pediatrics Source Type: research
Perinatal psychiatry for the paediatrician on the postnatal ward
Maternal health and wellbeing is crucial to ensure the best outcomes for babies and children. Pregnancy and the perinatal period are particularly vulnerable times for mothers and children. Almost 1 in 5 mothers will experience some form of depression or anxiety during the perinatal period and other presentations, such as postpartum psychosis are specific to this period. Healthcare professionals, including paediatricians, whose clinical practice is devoted to the care of children often feel inadequately prepared to deal with these issues. (Source: Paediatrics and Child Health)
Source: Paediatrics and Child Health - November 25, 2021 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Titus Chester, Sarah Reynolds, Brittany Thompson, Saleema Durgahee, Sharon Cuthbert Tags: Occasional review Source Type: research
Neonatal meningitis: giant enemy of the little brain
Neonatal meningitis can be devastating for the developing brain. Over decades, mortality has been reduced with better diagnostic modalities and early use of antibiotics. However, the long-term outcome is still poor for many babies. Pathogens causing meningitis include the most common bacteria to some rare viral or fungal entities. Early suspicion and prompt treatment are our best weapons against this old enemy. Treatment duration varies depending upon the pathogen and clinical response. Neuroimaging plays an important role in prognosis and MRI brain is emerging as an excellent outcome predictor. (Source: Paediatrics and Child Health)
Source: Paediatrics and Child Health - November 18, 2021 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Lipi Shekhar, Nazakat Merchant Tags: Symposium: Neonatology Source Type: research
Approach to the baby with bilious vomiting
Bilious vomiting in the term neonate is a cardinal feature of a critical condition – intestinal malrotation – and may herald an impending abdominal crisis. It may also be due to a number of other surgical and medical causes, and there is a significant healthcare burden in excluding malrotation in the neonatal population. Health professionals caring for neonates need a sound kn owledge of the assessment, diagnosis, and management of the neonate presenting with bilious vomiting. This review discusses the approach and immediate management, discusses uncertainties in evidence and offers practical advice for healthcare prof...
Source: Paediatrics and Child Health - November 17, 2021 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Raef Jackson, Semiu Eniola Folaranmi, Nitin Goel Tags: Symposium: Neonatology Source Type: research
Self-assessment
(Source: Paediatrics and Child Health)
Source: Paediatrics and Child Health - November 15, 2021 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Amy Alcock, Kathryn Fielding, Rhian Thomas, Amar Asokkumar Tags: Self-assessment Source Type: research
Interpreting abnormal liver tests: a cased-based discussion
Elevated liver enzymes are commonly seen by paediatricians in clinical practice. For many clinicians, interpreting deranged liver enzymes can be challenging. There is a lack of an evidence based approach to this. Alterations in liver enzymes may be a normal physiological response to an intercurrent illness or in certain cases may also reflect an underlying liver condition. In this review, we will aim to provide, through a series of cases, a guide on the approach of deranged liver enzymes to conditions that health care professionals may ‘commonly’ encounter. (Source: Paediatrics and Child Health)
Source: Paediatrics and Child Health - November 11, 2021 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Abubakar Sharif, Will Carroll, Girish L. Gupte Tags: Personal practice Source Type: research
Intestinal obstruction and ileus in the newborn
Intestinal obstruction is a common surgical cause of admission to the neonatal intensive care unit. Bilious vomiting, abdominal distension and feed intolerance are the hallmark features of presentation. The cause in these babies ranges from the proximal oesophageal atresia to the distal anorectal malformation and the approach and management of this wide differential remains a challenge for the surgeon and neonatologist combined. This short article provides an overview of approach, investigation and management of some of the surgically encountered causes of neonatal obstruction. (Source: Paediatrics and Child Health)
Source: Paediatrics and Child Health - November 6, 2021 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Kristy Smith, Semiu Eniola Folaranmi, Nitin Goel Tags: Symposium: Neonatology Source Type: research
Finding the needle in the haystack: how to identify monogenic diabetes in the paediatric clinic
Diabetes mellitus is a common long-term childhood condition, which paediatricians, allied healthcare professionals and paediatric trainees will encounter frequently. General or acute paediatric trainees will be involved in treatment initiation, requesting appropriate investigations and continued management. The vast majority of children with diabetes have type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and the minority have type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) or monogenic causes (also known as maturity-onset diabetes of the young). (Source: Paediatrics and Child Health)
Source: Paediatrics and Child Health - November 6, 2021 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Oluwakemi Lokulo-Sodipe, Rachel EJ Besser, Katharine R Owen Tags: Occasional review Source Type: research
Editorial Board
(Source: Paediatrics and Child Health)
Source: Paediatrics and Child Health - November 1, 2021 Category: Pediatrics Source Type: research
