The migraine syndrome in children
Migraine is a brain disorder with complex pathogenesis and aetiology. The clinical presentation of migraine changes with brain maturation during the first 20 years of life. Migraine is typically a paroxysmal disorder with well-defined episodes separated by freedom of symptoms. Despite the variable clinical features of migraine, each episode may have a predictable sequence of phases. The main phase of each episode is characterized by one or more symptoms of severe headache, vomiting, abdominal pain, vertigo and/or torticollis. (Source: Paediatrics and Child Health)
Source: Paediatrics and Child Health - August 19, 2022 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Rachel Howells, Ishaq Abu-Arafeh Tags: Occasional review Source Type: research
Paediatric sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP): is it truly unexplained?
Sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP) is an increasingly recognized cause of death in children and young people with epilepsy. Although paediatric SUDEP is thought to be a rare event, it may be more common than previously thought, with incidence estimates ranging from 0.22 to 6 per 1000 person years. Limited clinician experience and knowledge about paediatric SUDEP has impaired the ability to inform children and their families about their individual risk and means to reduce it. Although many questions remain, in the past two decades our understanding of paediatric SUDEP has greatly increased. (Source: Paediatrics and Child Health)
Source: Paediatrics and Child Health - August 16, 2022 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Omar Abdel-Mannan, Timothy C. Venkatesan, Alastair G. Sutcliffe Tags: Symposium: Neurology Source Type: research
Retinopathy of prematurity: overview of new global problem
Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a disease characterized by abnormal retinal vasculature in preterm infants. It is an important cause of visual disability in premature infants and although the incidence varies among different countries it is increasing as advances in neonatal care result in improved survival. Oxygen, growth factors like vascular endothelial growth factor, and poor postnatal growth play a significant role in the pathogenesis of ROP. Targeting lower oxygen saturation is associated with a reduction in ROP, but with increased mortality. (Source: Paediatrics and Child Health)
Source: Paediatrics and Child Health - August 13, 2022 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Prakash Kannan Loganathan, Vrinda Nair, Mithilesh Kumar Lal Tags: Symposium: neonatology Source Type: research
Inherited peripheral neuropathies: what does a paediatrician need to know?
This article outlines when to suspect an IPN, the common manner of presentation and how to diagnose and classify these conditions in children. It offers advice on the differential diagnosis, the genetic aspects of childhood IPN and the importance of genetic counselling. (Source: Paediatrics and Child Health)
Source: Paediatrics and Child Health - August 13, 2022 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Anirban Majumdar Tags: Symposium: Neurology Source Type: research
The changing landscape of childhood tic disorders following COVID-19
The article describes classification, aetiology and features of typical tic disorders (Tourette syndrome) and their management with an additional focus on a surge in atypical tic presentations following the COVID-19 pandemic, often described as functional tics, or functional tic-like movements. We discuss what explains their atypical nature and what might underpin this increase in incidence. Lastly the article provides an overview of management of functional tics, so readers can understand how management of these differs from typical tic disorders. (Source: Paediatrics and Child Health)
Source: Paediatrics and Child Health - August 8, 2022 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Olivia Horner, Tammy Hedderly, Osman Malik Source Type: research
Diagnosis and management of critical congenital heart defects in infants
Congenital heart defects (CHD) are the most common congenital anomaly with an incidence of around 8 –10 per 1000 live born infants. Up to a third of all the CHDs are of a critical type. A critical CHD is fatal within 28 days of birth unless there is cardiac surgery or catheter intervention. Advances in diagnosis, pre-operative intensive care, cardiac surgery techniques, catheter interventions a nd post-operative management, have made it possible to save most of these infants with excellent long-term outcomes. (Source: Paediatrics and Child Health)
Source: Paediatrics and Child Health - August 5, 2022 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Yogen Singh Tags: Symposium: neonatology Source Type: research
Editorial Board
(Source: Paediatrics and Child Health)
Source: Paediatrics and Child Health - August 1, 2022 Category: Pediatrics Source Type: research
What you should you know about paediatric brain tumours in 2022
Paediatric brain tumours are a major source of cancer-related morbidity and mortality in children. Brain tumours in children vary in their pathology and their outcomes. There is increasing reliance on molecular genetic and epigenetic classification, which may be off-putting to the non-specialist. This review provides an essential overview for care providers outside of neuro-oncology, covering the major types of paediatric brain tumours, including glioma, embryonal tumours, ependymoma, craniopharyngioma, choroid plexus tumours, and germ cell tumours. (Source: Paediatrics and Child Health)
Source: Paediatrics and Child Health - July 30, 2022 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Milo A. Hollingworth, Arpita Chattopadhyay, David Walker, Simon Paine, Matthew A. Kirkman Tags: Occasional review Source Type: research
Use of echocardiography in the neonatal intensive care unit
The role of echocardiography in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) has rapidly evolved over the last two decades and there are now guidelines to direct Neonatologist Performed Echocardiography (NPE). Expert consensus statements have provided a framework for echocardiography training, scope of practice, and clinical governance structure for neonatologists. Now NPE is routinely being used a standard of care in the NICUs across the world. It is referred to as NPE, targeted neonatal echocardiography, point of care echocardiography or functional echocardiography, depending upon the country's guidelines. (Source: Paediatrics and Child Health)
Source: Paediatrics and Child Health - July 20, 2022 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Yogen Singh Tags: Personal practice Source Type: research
Editorial Board
(Source: Paediatrics and Child Health)
Source: Paediatrics and Child Health - July 1, 2022 Category: Pediatrics Source Type: research
What's new in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: updates on assessment and management
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental condition typically associated with hyperactivity, impulsivity and inattention. While the prevalence in the UK has been relatively stable over the last few years, groups such as those with other neurodevelopmental disorders or those known to the youth justice system, have a higher prevalence than the average population, while other groups, such as girls with the inattention-subtype, are recognized as being underrepresented. As an increasing proportion of children require an ADHD assessment, the time taken to reach a diagnosis has significantly increase...
Source: Paediatrics and Child Health - June 30, 2022 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Olatokunbo Sanwo, Hifzi Huzair Tags: Symposium: special educational needs and disability Source Type: research
This child can: participation in sport for children with vision impairment
All children benefit from access to sports, exercise and leisure. It is important not just for physical health, but also for emotional wellbeing and social connectivity. Vision impairment refers to a bilateral uncorrectable reduction in vision and is experienced by 1 in 1000 young people under the age of 16 in the UK. Many children with vision impairment experience barriers in their access to sport and exercise, and a traditional medical model of disability would associate these barriers with the pathology of ophthalmological disease. (Source: Paediatrics and Child Health)
Source: Paediatrics and Child Health - June 24, 2022 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Sarah Holton Tags: Symposium: special educational needs and disability Source Type: research
Management of Henoch –Schönlein purpura
Henoch –Schönlein purpura (HSP) is the commonest childhood vasculitis, with a peak incidence in the autumn months. This supports the supposition that it is precipitated by viral infection, which then leads to the production of abnormally glycosylated immunoglobulin A (IgA) and the formation of immune co mplexes containing this IgA. All organs can be affected, but the purpuric skin lesions are necessary to make the diagnosis. There is little evidence for or against any particular therapeutic strategy and management of the acute episode is mainly supportive with analgesics as necessary. (Source: Paediatrics and Child Health)
Source: Paediatrics and Child Health - June 18, 2022 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Graham Smith Tags: Symposium: nephrology Source Type: research
Augmentative and alternative communication for children with speech, language and communication needs
Augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) is the collective term for a broad range of techniques, strategies and devices which can support children with communication difficulties who may have little or no intelligible speech. This may include manual signs or systems of symbols, words or letters that can be used to construct messages and convey meaning. This review discusses the ways in which AAC systems are categorized and outlines some key principles of assessment and intervention, using the World Health Organization's International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health for Children and Young People...
Source: Paediatrics and Child Health - June 14, 2022 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Tom Griffiths, Michael Clarke, Katie Price Tags: Symposium: special educational needs and disability Source Type: research
Dental health for children with special educational needs and disability
There are 1.37 million children and young people (CYP) with special educational needs and disability (SEND) in the UK. These CYP have more complex needs and may require more expertise, support and reasonable adjustments in the dental setting. There are high levels of unmet dental need for this cohort of CYP. Unmanaged dental disease, such as dental caries, can impact on a child's quality of life and wellbeing. All healthcare professionals who have contact with CYP with SEND have an important role to play in trying to improve the oral health of their patients. (Source: Paediatrics and Child Health)
Source: Paediatrics and Child Health - June 12, 2022 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Annabelle Carter, Lisa Clarke, Claire Stevens Tags: Symposium: special educational needs and disability Source Type: research