Penetrating Trauma of the Pharynx and Esophagus
Pharyngoesophageal injury has high morbidity and mortality despite advances in diagnostics and surgical therapy. It is essential to rapidly identify patients injury to avoid severe sequelae. In this review, the common etiologies of penetrating esophageal injury will be reviewed as well as the initial evaluation and diagnostic techniques. Management of pharyngoesophageal injuries will be discussed including indications for observation, endoscopic management or open surgical repair. (Source: Operative Techniques in Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery)
Source: Operative Techniques in Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery - October 9, 2020 Category: ENT & OMF Authors: Lauren F. Tracy, Jacquelyn Piraquive, Gregory A. Grillone Source Type: research

Military Injuries to the Head and Neck – Implications for Practice in Resource Constrained Environments
: Our objective was to use a series of cases from the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan to highlight challenges in treating in head and neck trauma in a resource constrained environment either in a deployed military or humanitarian settings. (Source: Operative Techniques in Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery)
Source: Operative Techniques in Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery - October 9, 2020 Category: ENT & OMF Authors: Christopher R. Tonn, Matthew L. Ward, Wesley M. Abadie, John W. Lally, Scott E. Bevans, LaKeisha R. Henry Source Type: research

Otologic Trauma
This article addresses specific issues related to otologic trauma. It includes a summary of key general considerations, and a review of the main symptoms and pathology that may arise following otologic trauma. It focuses on tympanic membrane perforation with a discussion of management and operative techniques of the varied presentations of this disorder. (Source: Operative Techniques in Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery)
Source: Operative Techniques in Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery - October 9, 2020 Category: ENT & OMF Authors: David Y. Goldrich, Sahil Patel, Michael S. Goldrich Source Type: research

Neck level algorithmic approach to trauma
Trauma to the neck poses a unique set of challenges owing to the presence of multiple important structures lying in close proximity to each other. A thorough understanding of the anatomy of the neck as well as having a step wise approach for timely evaluation and management, are crucial in identifying and managing neck injuries. Trauma to the neck can occur due to blunt or penetrating mechanisms. Though the injury patterns may differ, the initial management is similar and follows an algorithm based approach based on anatomic landmarks as well as patient stability. (Source: Operative Techniques in Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery)
Source: Operative Techniques in Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery - October 8, 2020 Category: ENT & OMF Authors: Mehr Qureshi, Krishan Patel, Ronald Simon Source Type: research

Imaging of Head and Neck Trauma
Craniofacial trauma accounts for a large number of medical encounters in the United States and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. The role of imaging, particularly computed tomography (CT) and CT angiography (CTA) can significantly enhance the evaluation of patients with craniofacial trauma, assisting with appropriate management and surgical planning. Radiologic studies additionally provide information about soft tissue and vascular trauma which cannot always be excluded by physical examination. (Source: Operative Techniques in Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery)
Source: Operative Techniques in Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery - October 8, 2020 Category: ENT & OMF Authors: Andrew Gallo, Aaron Betts, John Ritter Source Type: research

Neck Level Algorithm Approach to Trauma
Trauma to the neck poses a unique set of challenges owing to the presence of multiple important structures lying in close proximity to each other. A thorough understanding of the anatomy of the neck as well as having a step wise approach for timely evaluation and management, are crucial in identifying and managing neck injuries. Trauma to the neck can occur due to blunt or penetrating mechanisms. Though the injury patterns may differ, the initial management is similar and follows an algorithm based approach based on anatomic landmarks as well as patient stability. (Source: Operative Techniques in Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery)
Source: Operative Techniques in Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery - October 8, 2020 Category: ENT & OMF Authors: Mehr Qureshi, Krishan Patel, Ronald Simon Source Type: research

Endoscopic Management of Laryngotracheal and Pharyngoesophageal Trauma
Laryngotracheal and pharyngoesophageal injuries are a relatively rare component of head and neck trauma; however, if not managed correctly, the consequences of these injuries can be life threatening. The early management of these injuries involves bedside endoscopic evaluation, often followed by formal endoscopy in the operating room. While many of these patients may require open surgical procedures, some of these injuries, and especially the long-term complications they cause, can be managed endoscopically. (Source: Operative Techniques in Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery)
Source: Operative Techniques in Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery - October 8, 2020 Category: ENT & OMF Authors: Christopher A. Rayle, Mark A. Fritz Source Type: research

A review on Reversal Stapedotomy outcome and associated factors
In this study we evaluated efficacy of reversal stapedotomy technique amongst 74 OS patients and considered associated factors for better assessment. (Source: Operative Techniques in Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery)
Source: Operative Techniques in Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery - September 15, 2020 Category: ENT & OMF Authors: Basir Hashemi, Haleh Bozorgi, Mohammadreza Sehat Source Type: research

Editorial Board
(Source: Operative Techniques in Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery)
Source: Operative Techniques in Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery - August 31, 2020 Category: ENT & OMF Source Type: research

Non-exposure procedure to aerosols during a tracheostomy under biosafety isolation in SARS CoV-2
A tracheostomy performed on patients infected with SARS CoV-2 is one of the procedures with the highest risks of aerosolization. Safety recommendations for carrying out this procedure are not suitable for implementation in every hospital. Despite the use of Personal Protection Equipment (PPE), the suit leaves the submental area unprotected, and even the face mask may not provide a full seal. The use of additional biosafety isolation equipment increases safety, thus preventing exposure to infecting particles and allowing the surgeon to perform the technique with the use of the available equipment; it reduces the risks of fu...
Source: Operative Techniques in Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery - July 14, 2020 Category: ENT & OMF Authors: Francisco Javier Mancilla Mej ía, Laura Serrano Salinas, Abraham Hernández Mundo, Luis Miguel Méndez Saucedo, Edgar Alejandro García Rodríguez Source Type: research

Presbylarynx: Anatomy/physiology, nonsurgical treatment, and surgery
Review diagnosis and treatment of presbyphonia. Tutorial with literature review. Substantial increases in knowledge of vocal again have led to improvement in nonsurgical and surgical management of Presbyphonia. (Source: Operative Techniques in Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery)
Source: Operative Techniques in Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery - July 3, 2020 Category: ENT & OMF Authors: Robert T. Sataloff, Karen M. Kost Source Type: research

Otolaryngological Surgery in the Geriatric Patients
Greater now than in recent history, the need for specialized care of individuals in vulnerable populations has been epitomized. With the recent COVID 19 pandemic, the impact of healthcare disparities its impact on vulnerable populations has been brought to the forefront of medical and national attention. This pandemic further highlights, the need for specialized care and attention to the unique health needs of the geriatric population. (Source: Operative Techniques in Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery)
Source: Operative Techniques in Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery - July 3, 2020 Category: ENT & OMF Authors: Ozlem E. Tulunay-Ugur, Selena Briggs Source Type: research

Introduction
It is projected that by 2050, people aged 65 years and older will account for 25% of the population in developed countries. With state of the art medical technologies and novel treatments significantly improving longevity, there is a need more than ever to understand the distinctive needs of the aging population. Not only do we have to understand concepts of frailty, sarcopenia, functional reserve, but also be able to assess our patients social and functional needs, which can be vastly different than younger adults. (Source: Operative Techniques in Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery)
Source: Operative Techniques in Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery - July 3, 2020 Category: ENT & OMF Authors: Ozlem E. Tulunay-Ugur, Selena Briggs Source Type: research

Head and Neck Oncological Surgery and Pearls in the Elderly
To review special considerations of treating head and neck cancer in the elderly population. (Source: Operative Techniques in Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery)
Source: Operative Techniques in Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery - July 3, 2020 Category: ENT & OMF Authors: Adnan Hussaini, Stephanie Johng, Joseph Leider, Eric Wu, Jonathan Giurintano Source Type: research

Operative techniques in otolaryngology: Head and neck microvascular free flap reconstruction in the elderly
According to the National Institute of Aging, the elderly is the fastest growing subset of the population. For the first time in history, people aged 65 and older will outnumber children by 2030.As the number of elderly has increased in the United States and abroad, head and neck cancer in the elderly is becoming more prevalent. Head and neck cancer often requires complex reconstruction after ablation and free flap microsurgery is now being performed with increased frequency on elderly patients. (Source: Operative Techniques in Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery)
Source: Operative Techniques in Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery - July 3, 2020 Category: ENT & OMF Authors: Matthew Pierce, Christine Clark Source Type: research