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Editorial Board
(Source: Operative Techniques in Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery)
Source: Operative Techniques in Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery - June 1, 2023 Category: ENT & OMF Source Type: research

Anterior Glottic Webs
Anterior glottic webs can be classified as either congenital or acquired. Congenital webs vary significantly in their severity and are thought to be a consequence of the failure of full recanalization of the larynx during embryonic development.[1] These webs can be associated with other congenital anomalies [2] and surgical techniques may vary from those used for acquired webs. The focus of this article will be on acquired anterior glottic webs. These webs are commonly caused by mucosal disruption following surgery on the anterior aspect of both vocal folds. (Source: Operative Techniques in Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery)
Source: Operative Techniques in Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery - May 12, 2023 Category: ENT & OMF Authors: William E. Karle, David G. Lott Source Type: research

Subglottic Stenosis
Subglottic stenosis is a narrowing of the airway that has significant impact on patient breathing and quality of life. The majority of cases result from intubation, prior tracheostomy, or trauma but some instances still have no known etiology. Knowledge of the disease has increased substantially over recent decades with advances in basic science research and collaborative clinical studies. Treatment approaches typically range from endoscopic to open surgery, including innovative strategies to prevent restenosis. (Source: Operative Techniques in Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery)
Source: Operative Techniques in Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery - May 10, 2023 Category: ENT & OMF Authors: Brandon LaBarge, John P. Gniady Source Type: research

Stents, T Tubes, and Springs: The Use of Devices in Airway Reconstruction
Stenosis of the glottis, subglottis, and cervical trachea are challenging entities plagued by frequent recurrences of stenosis regardless of the site involved. Since the earliest airway surgeries, there have been attempts to create various devices to keep the reconstructed airway open. In the modern era, these are most commonly silicone stents, T tubes, and keels. Additional modifications of these procedures, including the new interarytenoid spring, and novel methods, like the use of a sutured silastic sheet to stage posterior glottic stenosis repair, have also been published. (Source: Operative Techniques in Otolaryngolog...
Source: Operative Techniques in Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery - May 9, 2023 Category: ENT & OMF Authors: Ari D. Schuman, Adam R. Szymanowski Source Type: research

Interventional Pulmonology: Approaches to the Treatment of Benign Subglottic and Tracheal Stenosis
Benign subglottic/tracheal stenosis is a condition that negatively impacts patient quality of life and often morbidity. In cases of benign tracheal stenosis, a multidisciplinary and multimodal approach to treatment has been shown to result in the best outcomes with respect to successful management and recurrence rate. Interventional Pulmonology (IP) physicians work in conjunction with other specialties to manage these conditions. The procedures employed by IP physicians incorporate techniques via rigid bronchoscopy, flexible bronchoscopy, and occasionally hybrid approaches. (Source: Operative Techniques in Otolaryngology -...
Source: Operative Techniques in Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery - May 5, 2023 Category: ENT & OMF Authors: Pankit Patel, Jennifer Toth Source Type: research

Interventional Pulmonology: Approaches to treatment of benign subglottic and tracheal stenosis
Benign subglottic/tracheal stenosis is a condition that negatively impacts patient quality of life and often morbidity. In cases of benign tracheal stenosis, a multidisciplinary and multimodal approach to treatment has been shown to result in the best outcomes with respect to successful management and recurrence rate. Interventional Pulmonology (IP) physicians work in conjunction with other specialties to manage these conditions. The procedures employed by IP physicians incorporate techniques via rigid bronchoscopy, flexible bronchoscopy, and occasionally hybrid approaches. (Source: Operative Techniques in Otolaryngology -...
Source: Operative Techniques in Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery - May 5, 2023 Category: ENT & OMF Authors: Pankit Patel, Jennifer Toth Source Type: research

Office based steroid injections for subglottic stenosis
Serial Intralesional Steroid Injection (SILSI) has been gaining popularity among patients and physicians as a first-line treatment for idiopathic subglottic stenosis. Patients are followed by in-office and at-home spirometry to assess the peak inspiratory flow (PIF), peak expiratory flow (PEF) and the PEF% values, along with quality-of-life instruments such as the RAND36, EQ5D and the new subglottic stenosis-specific, iSGS6. The initial procedure can be performed in the operating room using balloons and cold instruments to remove the subglottic scarring with injection of triamcinolone acetate 40 mg/cc into the subglottis. ...
Source: Operative Techniques in Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery - May 4, 2023 Category: ENT & OMF Authors: Ramon A. Franco Source Type: research

Introduction
Over the past 50 years the field of Otolaryngology has flourished with exponential advances in our knowledge of disease and both medical and surgical treatment options for those diseases. Despite these tremendous advances, a perpetual thorn in our side continues to be the management of inflammatory scar tissue within the airway. The mechanisms have changed somewhat over the years. Early accounts dating back to the 1800s were primarily related to infectious disease or caustic ingestions. These rates have declined due to modern antibiotics and the efforts of Chavalier Jackson and others like him to advocate for safe labeling...
Source: Operative Techniques in Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery - May 4, 2023 Category: ENT & OMF Authors: John (J.P.) Gniady Source Type: research

Evolving trends in airway management for laryngeal stenosis
The objective of this chapter is to review the ventilation techniques for laryngotracheal stenosis including spontaneous ventilation, intermittent apnea, jet ventilation, laryngeal mask airway and transnasal humidified rapid insufflation ventilatory exchange. Multiple modalities for ventilation should be present and available in the operating room prior to the start of the procedure. (Source: Operative Techniques in Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery)
Source: Operative Techniques in Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery - May 4, 2023 Category: ENT & OMF Authors: Taylor G Lackey, Benjamin H. Cloyd, Daniel S. Fink Source Type: research

Endoscopic management of Subglottic Stenosis
Subglottic stenosis (SGS) is a narrowing of the airway below the vocal cords that can lead to respiratory distress and in severe cases, airway obstruction. Endoscopic surgical management of SGS has been established as a safe and effective treatment option. The aim of this manuscript is to provide an overview of the current state of the art in endoscopic surgical management of SGS.Endoscopic management of SGS typically utilizes laser (CO2 or Nd:YAG) or cold knife incision or wedge excision in combination with rigid or balloon dilation. (Source: Operative Techniques in Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery)
Source: Operative Techniques in Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery - May 4, 2023 Category: ENT & OMF Authors: Julian S. De La Chapa, James J. Daniero Source Type: research

Cricoarytenoid joint mobilization with mucosal flap reconstruction for posterior glottic stenosis
Posterior glottic stenosis (PGS) is usually caused by long-term intubation and can be very challenging to manage in particular if both cricoarytenoid joints (CAJ) are involved. Most surgical approaches are limited to enlarging the airway by resecting portions of the posterior commissure and glottis compromising on both, voice and respiratory function.In the following, we describe an endoscopic technique that can restore arytenoid mobility in a selected group of patients suffering from high-grade PGS. (Source: Operative Techniques in Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery)
Source: Operative Techniques in Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery - May 4, 2023 Category: ENT & OMF Authors: Mark S. Weidenbecher Source Type: research

Endoscopic laryngotracheoplasty (Maddern procedure) for idiopathic subglottic stenosis
Surgical techniques to enlarge the airway lumen are the primary treatment for idiopathic subglottic stenosis. Endoscopic techniques, such as excision, balloon dilation, and intralesional steroid injection, are the most common treatments. With these techniques, however, treatment durability is varied and 90% of recurrences occur within 28 months1. In patients with surgical intervals less than one year, more definitive treatments are considered. Open techniques, such as cricotracheal resection (CTR), can be performed and can have durable success in the treatment of idiopathic subglottic stenosis. (Source: Operative Technique...
Source: Operative Techniques in Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery - May 4, 2023 Category: ENT & OMF Authors: Hannah Kavookjian, Alexander Hillel Source Type: research

Office Based Steroid Injections for Subglottic Stenosis.
Serial Intralesional Steroid Injection (SILSI) has been gaining popularity among patients and physicians as a first-line treatment for idiopathic subglottic stenosis. (Source: Operative Techniques in Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery)
Source: Operative Techniques in Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery - May 4, 2023 Category: ENT & OMF Authors: Ramon A Franco Source Type: research

Thoracic Surgery Techniques in Open Tracheal Surgery for Tracheal Stenosis
Tracheal stenosis is commonly a result of intubation injury. The management of these lesions can be challenging and requires comprehensive knowledge of tracheal anatomy and meticulous surgical technique. This text provides a detailed description of the pre-operative assessment and the surgical management of tracheal stenosis. Additionally, outcomes following surgical resection and reconstruction are also discussed. (Source: Operative Techniques in Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery)
Source: Operative Techniques in Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery - May 4, 2023 Category: ENT & OMF Authors: Rolfy A. Perez Holguin, Michael F. Reed Source Type: research

Cartilage Butterfly Graft to Repair Temporal Bone CSF Leak
Temporal bone cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) leak is a condition characterized by continuous CSF leakage from the intracranial cavity into the middle ear space. Prompt surgical management is warranted as temporal bone CSF leaks may lead to serious infections such as meningitis and encephalitis. There are several methods and materials utilized to repair tegmen defects that cause CSF leaks. Herein, we describe a novel technique to repair the tegmen in patients with temporal bone CSF leak utilizing a tragal cartilage butterfly graft. (Source: Operative Techniques in Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery)
Source: Operative Techniques in Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery - March 9, 2023 Category: ENT & OMF Authors: Traeden Wilson, Yekaterina Koshkareva, Alan Turtz, Linda Zhang, Donald Solomon Source Type: research