Medical Microbiology and Immunology This is an RSS file. You can use it to subscribe to this data in your favourite RSS reader or to display this data on your own website or blog.

The effect of KIR and HLA polymorphisms on dengue infection and disease severity in northeastern Thais
This study revealed an important role ofKIR andHLA ligands in innate immune responses to dengue viral infections and, in particular, their effect on clinical outcomes and disease severity. (Source: Medical Microbiology and Immunology)
Source: Medical Microbiology and Immunology - June 9, 2020 Category: Microbiology Source Type: research

Tetraspanins in the regulation of mast cell function
AbstractMast cells (MCs) are long-living immune cells highly specialized in the storage and release of different biologically active compounds and are involved in the regulation of innate and adaptive immunity. MC degranulation and replacement of MC granules are accompanied by active membrane remodelling. Tetraspanins represent an evolutionary conserved family of transmembrane proteins. By interacting with lipids and other membrane and intracellular proteins, they are involved in organisation of membrane protein complexes and act as “molecular facilitators” connecting extracellular and cytoplasmic signaling elements. M...
Source: Medical Microbiology and Immunology - June 6, 2020 Category: Microbiology Source Type: research

Tetraspanin CD81 regulates HSV-1 infection
AbstractDifferent members of the tetraspanin superfamily have been described to regulate different virus infectious cycles at several stages: viral entry, viral replication or virion exit or infectivity. In addition, tetraspanin CD81 regulates HIV reverse transcription through its association with the dNTP hydrolase SAMHD1. Here we aimed at analysing the role of CD81 in Herpes simplex virus 1 infectivity using a neuroblastoma cell model. For this purpose, we generated a CD81 KO cell line using the CRISPR/Cas9 technology. Despite being CD81 a plasma membrane protein, CD81 KO cells showed no defects in viral entry nor in the...
Source: Medical Microbiology and Immunology - June 3, 2020 Category: Microbiology Source Type: research

Correction to: A role for tetraspanin proteins in regulating fusion induced by Burkholderia thailandensis
In the original article, incorrect   figures were published with incorrect captions. The correct figures and captions are given below. (Source: Medical Microbiology and Immunology)
Source: Medical Microbiology and Immunology - June 2, 2020 Category: Microbiology Source Type: research

Tetraspanin 7 and its closest paralog tetraspanin 6: membrane organizers with key functions in brain development, viral infection, innate immunity, diabetes and cancer
AbstractTetraspanin (TSPAN) protein family forms a family of transmembrane proteins that act as organizers/scaffold for other proteins. TSPANs are primarily present on plasma membranes although they are also found in other biological membranes. They are organized in tetraspanin-enriched microdomains (TEMs), which allow spatiotemporal tuning of protein functions through the control of their membrane localization. TSPAN6 and TSPAN7 are close paralogs expressed in different tissues, TSPAN7 being highly expressed in the brain. Their functions only started to be unveiled in the late 2000 ’s and are still poorly understood. He...
Source: Medical Microbiology and Immunology - May 27, 2020 Category: Microbiology Source Type: research

Structure and function of minor pilins of type IV pili
AbstractType IV pili are versatile and highly flexible fibers formed on the surface of many Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. Virulence and infection rate of several pathogenic bacteria, such asNeisseria meningitidis andPseudomonas aeruginosa, are strongly dependent on the presence of pili as they facilitate the adhesion of the bacteria to the host cell. Disruption of the interactions between the pili and the host cells by targeting proteins involved in this interaction could, therefore, be a treatment strategy. A type IV pilus is primarily composed of multiple copies of protein subunits called major pilins. Additi...
Source: Medical Microbiology and Immunology - May 26, 2020 Category: Microbiology Source Type: research

Interaction with the host: the role of fibronectin and extracellular matrix proteins in the adhesion of Gram-negative bacteria
AbstractThe capacity of pathogenic microorganisms to adhere to host cells and avoid clearance by the host immune system is the initial and most decisive step leading to infections. Bacteria have developed different strategies to attach to diverse host surface structures. One important strategy is the adhesion to extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins (e.g., collagen, fibronectin, laminin) that are highly abundant in connective tissue and basement membranes. Gram-negative bacteria express variable outer membrane proteins (adhesins) to attach to the host and to initiate the process of infection. Understanding the underlying mol...
Source: Medical Microbiology and Immunology - May 26, 2020 Category: Microbiology Source Type: research

Molecular mechanisms of dendritic cell migration in immunity and cancer
AbstractDendritic cells (DCs) are a heterogeneous population of antigen-presenting cells that act to bridge innate and adaptive immunity. DCs are critical in mounting effective immune responses to tissue damage, pathogens and cancer. Immature DCs continuously sample tissues and engulf antigens via endocytic pathways such as phagocytosis or macropinocytosis, which result in DC activation. Activated DCs undergo a maturation process by downregulating endocytosis and upregulating surface proteins controlling migration to lymphoid tissues where DC-mediated antigen presentation initiates adaptive immune responses. To traffic to ...
Source: Medical Microbiology and Immunology - May 24, 2020 Category: Microbiology Source Type: research

Tspan18 is a novel regulator of thrombo-inflammation
AbstractThe interplay between thrombosis and inflammation, termed thrombo-inflammation, causes acute organ damage in diseases such as ischaemic stroke and venous thrombosis. We have recently identified tetraspanin Tspan18 as a novel regulator of thrombo-inflammation. The tetraspanins are a family of 33 membrane proteins in humans that regulate the trafficking, clustering, and membrane diffusion of specific partner proteins. Tspan18 partners with the store-operated Ca2+ entry channel Orai1 on endothelial cells. Orai1 appears to be expressed in all cells and is critical in health and disease. Orai1 mutations cause human immu...
Source: Medical Microbiology and Immunology - May 22, 2020 Category: Microbiology Source Type: research

Tetraspanin CD53: an overlooked regulator of immune cell function
AbstractTetraspanins are membrane organizing proteins that play a role in organizing the cell surface through the formation of subcellular domains consisting of tetraspanins and their partner proteins. These complexes are referred to as tetraspanin enriched microdomains (TEMs) or the tetraspanin web. The formation of TEMs allows for the regulation of a variety of cellular processes such as adhesion, migration, signaling, and cell fusion. Tetraspanin CD53 is a member of the tetraspanin superfamily expressed exclusively within the immune compartment. Amongst others, B cells, CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, dendritic cells, macro...
Source: Medical Microbiology and Immunology - May 20, 2020 Category: Microbiology Source Type: research

Tetraspanins in mammalian reproduction: spermatozoa, oocytes and embryos
AbstractIt is known that tetraspanin proteins are involved in many physiological somatic cell mechanisms. Additionally, research has indicated they also have a role in various infectious diseases and cancers. This review focuses on the molecular interactions underlying the tetraspanin web formation in gametes. Primarily, tetraspanins act in the reproductive tract as organizers of membrane complexes, which include the proteins involved in the contact and association of sperm and oocyte membranes. In addition, recent data shows that tetraspanins are likely to be involved in these processes in a complex way. In mammalian fert...
Source: Medical Microbiology and Immunology - May 17, 2020 Category: Microbiology Source Type: research

Tetraspanin CD9 affects HPV16 infection by modulating ADAM17 activity and the ERK signalling pathway
AbstractHuman papillomaviruses (HPV) are causative agents of various tumours such as cervical cancer. HPV binding to the cell surface of keratinocytes leads to virus endocytosis at tetraspanin enriched microdomains. Complex interactions of the capsid proteins with host proteins as well as ADAM17-dependent ERK1/2 signal transduction enable the entry platform assembly of the oncogenic HPV type 16. Here, we studied the importance of tetraspanin CD9, also known as TSPAN29, in HPV16 infection of different epithelial cells. We found that both overexpression and loss of the tetraspanin decreased infection rates in cells with low ...
Source: Medical Microbiology and Immunology - May 7, 2020 Category: Microbiology Source Type: research

Correction to: Multiresistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae : a new threat in second decade of the XXI century
The article “Multiresistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae: a new threat in second decade of the XXI century”, written by Beata Młynarczyk‑Bonikowska, Anna Majewska, Magdalena Malejczyk, Grażyna Młynarczyk, Sławomir Majewski was originally published electronically on the publisher’s internet portal (currentl y SpringerLink) on December 04, 2019 without open access. (Source: Medical Microbiology and Immunology)
Source: Medical Microbiology and Immunology - May 6, 2020 Category: Microbiology Source Type: research

Single-nucleotide variants in human CD81 influence hepatitis C virus infection of hepatoma cells
This study provides additional evidence that genetic host variation contributes to inter-individual differences in HCV infection and outcome. (Source: Medical Microbiology and Immunology)
Source: Medical Microbiology and Immunology - April 21, 2020 Category: Microbiology Source Type: research

Autoimmunity to tetraspanin-7 in type 1 diabetes
AbstractType 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease whereby components of insulin-secreting pancreatic beta cells are targeted by the adaptive immune system leading to the destruction of these cells and insulin deficiency. There is much interest in the development of antigen-specific immune intervention as an approach to prevent disease development in individuals identified as being at risk of disease. It is now recognised that there are multiple targets of the autoimmune response in type 1 diabetes, the most recently identified being a member of the tetraspanin family, tetraspanin-7. The heterogeneity of autoimmune responses...
Source: Medical Microbiology and Immunology - April 19, 2020 Category: Microbiology Source Type: research