Nourishing food, clean air and exercise: medical debates over environment and polar hygiene on Robert Falcon Scott's British National Antarctic expedition, 1901-1904
Med Hist. 2024 Mar 18:1-17. doi: 10.1017/mdh.2024.3. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTThe late nineteenth and early twentieth century saw dramatic new developments in climatic medicine, particularly the institutionalisation of thinking about tropical hygiene. There were also more limited efforts to understand how hygiene theories should be applied in a polar environment. Studying the British National Antarctic Expedition (1901-1904), led by Robert Falcon Scott, helps us understand how these practices had both similarities and differences from applications of hygiene in other contexts. The expedition offers unique insights int...
Source: Medical History - March 18, 2024 Category: History of Medicine Authors: Edward Armston-Sheret Source Type: research
Smallpox Geographies: vaccination, borders and Indigenous peoples in Australia's coastal north
This article asks what this combination looked like in practice by exploring two neglected smallpox vaccination campaigns directed towards Indigenous peoples in the early twentieth century. We argue these were important campaigns because they were the first two pre-emptive, rather than reactionary, vaccination programs directed towards First Nations people. Second, both episodes occurred in Australia's northern coastline, where the porous maritime geography and proximity to Southeast Asia posed a point of vulnerability for Australian health officials. While smallpox was never endemic, (though epidemic), in Australia, it wa...
Source: Medical History - March 18, 2024 Category: History of Medicine Authors: Chi Chi Huang Alison Bashford Source Type: research
Spanish-French leech trade and its consequences: From the increase in medical demand to resource depletion and technical innovation
This article studies the impact caused by the success and dissemination of Broussais' theories on the use of leeches as a medical supply on Spanish-French trade relations, as well as its consequences for the Spanish market between 1821 and the 1860s. Analysing the documents produced by the different public administrations, together with newspaper and archival sources in both Spain and France and the literature and legislation of that period, allows us to understand the evolution of this trade and the heavy impact it had on the autochthonous population of this animal resource. The article reveals how, at the beginning of th...
Source: Medical History - March 18, 2024 Category: History of Medicine Authors: Dami án Copena Mar ía Gómez-Martín Source Type: research
Thorny entanglements: feminism, eugenics and the Abortion Law Reform Association's (ALRA) campaign for safe, accessible abortion in Britain, 1936-1967
Med Hist. 2024 Mar 18:1-23. doi: 10.1017/mdh.2024.4. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTFor the past two decades anti-abortionists in the Global North have been aggressively instrumentalising disability in order to undermine women's social autonomy, asserting, falsely, there is an insuperable conflict between disability rights and reproductive rights. The utilisation of disability in struggles over abortion access is not new, it has a history dating back to the interwar era. Indeed, decades before anti-abortionists' campaign, feminists invoked disability to expand access to safe abortion. This paper examines the feminist eugeni...
Source: Medical History - March 18, 2024 Category: History of Medicine Authors: Susanne Maria Klausen Source Type: research
Nourishing food, clean air and exercise: medical debates over environment and polar hygiene on Robert Falcon Scott's British National Antarctic expedition, 1901-1904
Med Hist. 2024 Mar 18:1-17. doi: 10.1017/mdh.2024.3. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTThe late nineteenth and early twentieth century saw dramatic new developments in climatic medicine, particularly the institutionalisation of thinking about tropical hygiene. There were also more limited efforts to understand how hygiene theories should be applied in a polar environment. Studying the British National Antarctic Expedition (1901-1904), led by Robert Falcon Scott, helps us understand how these practices had both similarities and differences from applications of hygiene in other contexts. The expedition offers unique insights int...
Source: Medical History - March 18, 2024 Category: History of Medicine Authors: Edward Armston-Sheret Source Type: research
'A sad inheritance of misery': the cultural life of hereditary scrofula in eighteenth-century England
Med Hist. 2024 Mar 15:1-21. doi: 10.1017/mdh.2023.37. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTThis essay argues that scrofula was one of several disorders, including gout, rickets, and venereal disease, that were 'rebranded' as hereditary in response to broader cultural changes that took place during the Restoration and eighteenth century in England. While the purposes of scrofula's recategorisation were more political than medical, they resulted in this heretofore relatively obscure childhood ailment assuming a new prominence within both medical and popular discourses of the period. Scrofula became both emblem and proof of the link...
Source: Medical History - March 15, 2024 Category: History of Medicine Authors: Noelle D ückmann Gallagher Source Type: research
Work, marriage and premature birth: the sociomedicalisation of pregnancy in state socialist East-Central Europe - ERRATUM
Med Hist. 2024 Mar 15:1. doi: 10.1017/mdh.2024.1. Online ahead of print.NO ABSTRACTPMID:38488415 | DOI:10.1017/mdh.2024.1 (Source: Medical History)
Source: Medical History - March 15, 2024 Category: History of Medicine Authors: Kate řina Lišková Natalia Jarska Annina Gagyiova Jos é Luis Aguilar López-Barajas Šárka Caitlín Rábová Source Type: research
'A sad inheritance of misery': the cultural life of hereditary scrofula in eighteenth-century England
Med Hist. 2024 Mar 15:1-21. doi: 10.1017/mdh.2023.37. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTThis essay argues that scrofula was one of several disorders, including gout, rickets, and venereal disease, that were 'rebranded' as hereditary in response to broader cultural changes that took place during the Restoration and eighteenth century in England. While the purposes of scrofula's recategorisation were more political than medical, they resulted in this heretofore relatively obscure childhood ailment assuming a new prominence within both medical and popular discourses of the period. Scrofula became both emblem and proof of the link...
Source: Medical History - March 15, 2024 Category: History of Medicine Authors: Noelle D ückmann Gallagher Source Type: research
Work, marriage and premature birth: the sociomedicalisation of pregnancy in state socialist East-Central Europe - ERRATUM
Med Hist. 2024 Mar 15:1. doi: 10.1017/mdh.2024.1. Online ahead of print.NO ABSTRACTPMID:38488415 | DOI:10.1017/mdh.2024.1 (Source: Medical History)
Source: Medical History - March 15, 2024 Category: History of Medicine Authors: Kate řina Lišková Natalia Jarska Annina Gagyiova Jos é Luis Aguilar López-Barajas Šárka Caitlín Rábová Source Type: research
'A sad inheritance of misery': the cultural life of hereditary scrofula in eighteenth-century England
Med Hist. 2024 Mar 15:1-21. doi: 10.1017/mdh.2023.37. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTThis essay argues that scrofula was one of several disorders, including gout, rickets, and venereal disease, that were 'rebranded' as hereditary in response to broader cultural changes that took place during the Restoration and eighteenth century in England. While the purposes of scrofula's recategorisation were more political than medical, they resulted in this heretofore relatively obscure childhood ailment assuming a new prominence within both medical and popular discourses of the period. Scrofula became both emblem and proof of the link...
Source: Medical History - March 15, 2024 Category: History of Medicine Authors: Noelle D ückmann Gallagher Source Type: research
Work, marriage and premature birth: the sociomedicalisation of pregnancy in state socialist East-Central Europe - ERRATUM
Med Hist. 2024 Mar 15:1. doi: 10.1017/mdh.2024.1. Online ahead of print.NO ABSTRACTPMID:38488415 | DOI:10.1017/mdh.2024.1 (Source: Medical History)
Source: Medical History - March 15, 2024 Category: History of Medicine Authors: Kate řina Lišková Natalia Jarska Annina Gagyiova Jos é Luis Aguilar López-Barajas Šárka Caitlín Rábová Source Type: research
Ethical issues experienced by otolaryngologists: a conventional content analysis
J Med Ethics Hist Med. 2023 Dec 30;16:18. doi: 10.18502/jmehm.v16i18.14617. eCollection 2023.ABSTRACTTo deliver effective medical services and establish trust and psychological security in patients, care providers must prioritize ethical principles. Developing a comprehensive clinical education program for learners, along with specific ethical guidelines, and implementing managerial and executive interventions necessitates a thorough understanding of the ethical challenges within this field. This qualitative study aimed to elucidate the ethical issues faced by otolaryngologists. Sixteen otolaryngologists participated in th...
Source: Medical History - March 4, 2024 Category: History of Medicine Authors: Soolmaz Moosavi Zahra Zandpoor Masood Motasadi Zarandi AmirAhmad Shojaei Alireza Parsapoor Source Type: research
Psychometric evaluation of the Persian version of the perception of conscience questionnaire in Iranian nurses
J Med Ethics Hist Med. 2023 Dec 30;16:16. doi: 10.18502/jmehm.v16i16.14615. eCollection 2023.ABSTRACTConscience is defined as the cornerstone of ethics and is considered a valuable asset. There is, however, little evidence about how Iranian nurses perceive conscience. The purpose of this study was to psychometrically evaluate the Persian version of the Perception of Conscience Questionnaire (PCQ) in Iranian nurses. In this cross-sectional and descriptive study, a psychometric evaluation of the PCQ was conducted on Iranian nurses in 2022. A total of 300 nurses participated in this study to validate the PCQ. At first, the in...
Source: Medical History - March 4, 2024 Category: History of Medicine Authors: Seyed Alireza Hasani Roghieh Nazari Hooman Shahsavari Tayeb Ramim Kurosh Jodaki Source Type: research
Moral distress and moral courage among Iraqi nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional study
J Med Ethics Hist Med. 2023 Dec 30;16:19. doi: 10.18502/jmehm.v16i19.14618. eCollection 2023.ABSTRACTIn the years following its outbreak in 2019, COVID-19 changed the health-care system structures, the context of professional activity, and nurses' moral performance. The present study aimed to examine the moral distress and moral courage of Iraqi nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic. This cross-sectional and correlational study was conducted in 2021 on 168 nurses selected by convenience sampling methods. Data were collected by self-reported instruments including a demographic questionnaire, the Professional Moral Courage (PM...
Source: Medical History - March 4, 2024 Category: History of Medicine Authors: Layth Hussein Hashim Hthelee Afsaneh Sadooghiasl Sima Mohammadkhan Kermanshahi Source Type: research
Examining the criteria of human dignity
J Med Ethics Hist Med. 2023 Dec 30;16:14. doi: 10.18502/jmehm.v16i14.14613. eCollection 2023.ABSTRACTOne of the critical aspects in discussing human dignity is the establishment of its criterion, a standard unique to humans. This criterion should effectively create a fundamental and structural distinction from other creatures. Initially, our focus was on the endeavors of biologists to differentiate the human species from others, emphasizing the physical aspects. However, physical and genetic differences lack the necessary characteristics to serve as a criterion for dignity. Subsequently, we explored the notion of this crit...
Source: Medical History - March 4, 2024 Category: History of Medicine Authors: Seyed Abdosaleh Jafari Behin Araminia Hanieh Tavasoli Nafiseh Tavasoli Soheil Abedi Ahmad Fayaz Bakhshe Source Type: research
