Associations of Health Self-efficacy With Engagement in Health-Promoting Behaviors and Treatment Adherence in Rural Patients
Rural residents have lower levels of engagement in health-promoting behaviors and treatment adherence than their urban counterparts. This cross-sectional study sought to understand the role of health self-efficacy as a precursor to engagement in health-promoting behaviors and treatment adherence in 273 rural patients. Structural equation model was used to examine whether health self-efficacy predicted engagement in health-promoting behaviors and treatment adherence. Results show that health self-efficacy predicts engagement in health-promoting behaviors and treatment adherence. Boosting patients' health self-efficacy could...
Source: Family and Community Health - February 16, 2019 Category: Primary Care Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research
Promoting Health Equity Through Trauma-Informed Care: Critical Role for Physicians in Policy and Program Development
Trauma-informed care has emerged as an important model to address the pervasiveness of traumatic experiences across the life cycle and their association with significant adverse medical and psychiatric consequences. To achieve health equity, in which all people have the opportunity for health, it is crucial for physicians to become comfortable with a neurobiopsychosocial understanding of trauma and how to provide optimal trauma-informed care. Given the pervasiveness of trauma exposure, and its impact on individual and community health, this paradigm shift in adult health care delivery systems requires physician engagement ...
Source: Family and Community Health - February 16, 2019 Category: Primary Care Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research
Sex Differences, Duration of Stay in the United States, and Serious Psychological Distress: The Case of Middle Eastern Immigrants in the United States
Using data from the 2002-2012 National Health Interview Surveys, this study examines the association between duration of stay in the United States and serious psychological distress (SPD) among Middle Eastern (ME) immigrants and tests whether this association differs by sex. Results show that although ME immigrant women with longer duration are significantly more likely to report SPD than US-born white women, the SPD of ME immigrant men do not significantly differ from that of US-born white men. These findings emphasize the harmful influence of a longer duration of stay in the United States on the SPD of ME immigrant women...
Source: Family and Community Health - February 16, 2019 Category: Primary Care Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research
Problematic Eating Behaviors Are More Prevalent in African American Women Who Are Overweight or Obese Than African American Women Who Are Lean or Normal Weight
Problematic eating behaviors such as overeating and loss of control over consumption can lead to obesity. Problematic eating behaviors among women of differing body mass indexes were explored through focus group methodology, the Palatable Eating Motives Scale (PEMS), and a taste test in a sample of low-income African American women (n = 45). Women who were overweight or obese (W-O/O) reported more problematic eating behaviors including eating in the absence of hunger, frequent overeating, and increased food thoughts than women who were lean or normal weight (W-L/N). The W-O/O appear to possess more problematic eating behav...
Source: Family and Community Health - February 16, 2019 Category: Primary Care Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research
Building and Sustaining Community Capacity to Address Childhood Obesity: A 3-Year Mixed-Methods Case Study of a Community-Academic Advisory Board
Guided by a community-based participatory research and systems-based approach, this 3-year mixed-methods case study describes the experiences and capacity development of a Community-Academic Advisory Board (CAB) formed to adapt, implement, and evaluate an evidence-based childhood obesity treatment program in a medically underserved region. The CAB included community, public health, and clinical (n = 9) and academic partners (n = 9). CAB members completed capacity evaluations at 4 points. Partners identified best practices that attributed to the successful execution and continued advancement of project goals. The methodolog...
Source: Family and Community Health - November 17, 2018 Category: Primary Care Tags: Health Equity Source Type: research
Maternal Social and Economic Factors and Infant Morbidity, Mortality, and Congenital Anomaly: Are There Associations?
This study found that newborn and postneonatal hospital readmissions are inversely associated with geography. Additionally, social context, including maternal history of child abuse, is associated with infant postneonatal hospital readmissions. Geography and education are associated with infant mortality. Income was not associated with infant mortality or morbidity following adjustment for social support. Interestingly, congenital anomaly rates are 1.2 times more common among 2 parent families and male infants. Understanding associations between infant health and maternal social and economic factors may contribute to inter...
Source: Family and Community Health - November 17, 2018 Category: Primary Care Tags: Health Equity Source Type: research
Social Network Gap Analysis Evaluation: A Case Study of the Southeastern Health Equity Council
This study employed social network gap analysis as an evaluation tool. Survey data collected from the Southeastern Health Equity Council members were used to assess connections among members as a whole, by committee, by state, and by health specialty area. Analysis of how well Southeastern Health Equity Council met the representation outlined in its strategic plan was also conducted. Recommendations for improving the network and opportunities to effectively recruit and advance the work of Southeastern Health Equity Council are discussed. (Source: Family and Community Health)
Source: Family and Community Health - November 17, 2018 Category: Primary Care Tags: Health Equity Source Type: research
Testing the Efficacy of a Web-Based Parent-Adolescent Sexual Communication Intervention Among Puerto Ricans
This randomized controlled trial tested the efficacy of a Web-based intervention to increase sexual communication between parents and adolescents. Parent/adolescent dyads (n = 660) were recruited from communities in the San Juan area and randomly assigned to the Cuídalos sexual communication or physical activity program. Parent assessments were obtained preintervention and at 3-, 6-, and 12-month follow-up. Parents in the experimental group reported significantly more sexual communication (ie, peer pressure, sexual prevention, protection, risk) over time than parents in the control group. Results support the efficacy of t...
Source: Family and Community Health - November 17, 2018 Category: Primary Care Tags: Health Equity Source Type: research
Identifying Food Insecurity in Health Care Settings: A Systematic Scoping Review of the Evidence
This systematic scoping review explores evidence on food insecurity (FI) screening measures, acceptability, and program implementation in health care settings. Validation studies on brief screening tools suggest that instruments exist that adequately measure the construct of FI. Patients and clinicians found FI screening acceptable in a range of clinical settings, though studies are not high quality and rarely reflect substantial patient diversity. Targeted interventions successfully increased screening rates and reduced screening barriers. More research is needed to understand implementation and effectiveness of FI screen...
Source: Family and Community Health - November 17, 2018 Category: Primary Care Tags: Health Equity Source Type: research
The Role of Collective Efficacy in Reducing Health Disparities: A Systematic Review
Many improvements in health equity are spearheaded by community collaborations working to change policy and social norms. But how can collective efficacy (CE), defined as the willingness and ability of a group to work toward a common good, be increased? Eight articles reporting on interventions aiming to reduce health disparities by improving CE were found for this systematic literature review. All studies showed improvements in CE and most found reduction in disparities, but operationalization of CE varied. Findings support a model of how CE can address health disparities, which can guide standardization of CE interventio...
Source: Family and Community Health - November 17, 2018 Category: Primary Care Tags: Health Equity Source Type: research
The Impact of Individual and Parental American Indian Boarding School Attendance on Chronic Physical Health of Northern Plains Tribes
This study investigated the relationship of American Indian boarding school attendance and chronic physical health. We hypothesized boarding school attendance would be associated with an increased number of chronic physical health problems. We also examined the relationship between boarding school attendance and the 15 chronic health problems that formed the count of the chronic health conditions. American Indian attendees had a greater count of chronic physical health problems compared with nonattendees. Father's attendance was independently associated with chronic physical health problems. Attendees were more likely to h...
Source: Family and Community Health - November 17, 2018 Category: Primary Care Tags: Health Equity Source Type: research
ACOs' Impact on Hospitalization Rates of Rural Older Adults With Diabetes: Early Indications
This study provides baseline measures for patient outcomes during the initial years of ACO formation. (Source: Family and Community Health)
Source: Family and Community Health - August 24, 2018 Category: Primary Care Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research
Achieving IHI's Triple Aim by Utilizing Core Health Program With Community Health Workers in Rural Communities
Utilizing a nurse/community health worker team model, a Midwest institution's community health care division developed a 12-month managed care program for underserved individuals diagnosed with heart failure and/or diabetes. A study of 277 patients was conducted to determine whether this model could be utilized in rural settings. The program was evaluated using the Institute for Healthcare Improvement's Triple Aim criteria; HEDIS measures and other health indicators quantified each patient's performance. Study participants showed improved outcomes and a reduction in the total cost of care. Hospital admissions decreased (20...
Source: Family and Community Health - August 24, 2018 Category: Primary Care Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research
Social Determinants of Health and the Effects on Quality of Life and Well-being in 2 Rural Appalachia Communities: The Community Members' Perspective and Implications for Health Disparities
Recent evidence highlights health disparities among rural communities. The purpose of this study was to learn from members of 2 Appalachia communities in North Carolina about barriers to health and well-being. Researchers conducted 3 focus groups (n = 24), which were coded and analyzed by a team of researchers to identify themes. Researchers identified 5 themes: (1) poverty/lack of economic opportunity; (2) access to health care and health resources; (3) social/mental health challenges; (4) food insecurity/hunger; and (5) youth/older adults being most vulnerable to health disparities. Ample evidence suggests that rural App...
Source: Family and Community Health - August 24, 2018 Category: Primary Care Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research
Do Infant Feeding Practices Differ Between Grandmothers and Mothers in Rural China? Evidence From Rural Shaanxi Province
The overall goal of this study is to examine whether infant feeding practices differ between mothers and grandmothers in rural China. We randomly sampled 1383 caregivers of infants aged 18 to 30 months living in 351 villages across 174 townships in nationally designated poverty counties in rural areas. Results show that a high fraction of caregivers of 18- to 30-month-old children living in low-income areas of rural China do not regularly engage in positive infant feeding practices. Only 30% of children in our sample achieved adequate dietary diversity. Only 49% of children in our sample were fed meat in the day prior to s...
Source: Family and Community Health - August 24, 2018 Category: Primary Care Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research
