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Abdominal and Gastrointestinal Emergencies
Many clinicians refer to the brain as the “black box” of the human body because brain and other neurologic disorders tend to be difficult to diagnose. However, I would argue that, with due diligence, neurologic disorders can and almost always should be diagnosed because they follow simple rules and anatomic pathways. I would instead sug gest removing that “black box” label from the brain and affixing it prominently to a patient’s abdomen. (Source: Emergency Medicine Clinics of North America)
Source: Emergency Medicine Clinics of North America - September 30, 2021 Category: Emergency Medicine Authors: Amal Mattu Tags: Foreword Source Type: research

Abdominal/GI Emergencies
EMERGENCY MEDICINE CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA (Source: Emergency Medicine Clinics of North America)
Source: Emergency Medicine Clinics of North America - September 30, 2021 Category: Emergency Medicine Authors: Sara Manning, Nicole McCoin Source Type: research

Copyright
ELSEVIER (Source: Emergency Medicine Clinics of North America)
Source: Emergency Medicine Clinics of North America - September 30, 2021 Category: Emergency Medicine Source Type: research

Contributors
AMAL MATTU, MD, FAAEM, FACEP (Source: Emergency Medicine Clinics of North America)
Source: Emergency Medicine Clinics of North America - September 30, 2021 Category: Emergency Medicine Source Type: research

Contents
Amal Mattu (Source: Emergency Medicine Clinics of North America)
Source: Emergency Medicine Clinics of North America - September 30, 2021 Category: Emergency Medicine Source Type: research

Forthcoming Issues
Allergy, Inflammatory, and Autoimmune Disorders in Emergency Medicine (Source: Emergency Medicine Clinics of North America)
Source: Emergency Medicine Clinics of North America - September 30, 2021 Category: Emergency Medicine Source Type: research

Clinical Decision Rules in the Evaluation and Management of Adult Gastrointestinal Emergencies
Although abdominal pain is a common chief complaint in the emergency department, only 1 in 6 patients with abdominal pain are diagnosed with a gastrointestinal (GI) emergency. These patients often undergo extensive testing as well as hospitalizations to rule out an acute GI emergency and there is evidence that not all patients benefit from such management. Several clinical decision rules (CDRs) have been developed for the diagnosis and management of patients with suspected acute appendicitis and upper GI bleeding to identify those patients who may safely forgo further testing or hospital admission. Further validation studi...
Source: Emergency Medicine Clinics of North America - September 10, 2021 Category: Emergency Medicine Authors: Kevin M. Cullison, Nathan Franck Source Type: research

Abdominal Pain in the Immunocompromised Patient
Abdominal pain in an immunocompromised patient represents a common clinical scenario that may have uncommon causes. Evaluation relies first on identifying the immunocompromise, whether due to congenital immunodeficiencies, malignancy, hematopoietic stem cell transplant, solid organ transplant, or human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Based on this determination, the emergency physician may then build a focused differential of pathophysiologic possibilities. Careful evaluation is necessary given the absence of classic physical examination findings, and liberal use of laboratory and cross-sectional...
Source: Emergency Medicine Clinics of North America - September 10, 2021 Category: Emergency Medicine Authors: Carmen Wolfe, Nicole McCoin Source Type: research

Abdominal Pain Mimics
This article will discuss some of these diagnoses, including can ’t miss diagnoses, common non-abdominal causes, and rare etiologies of abdominal pain. (Source: Emergency Medicine Clinics of North America)
Source: Emergency Medicine Clinics of North America - September 10, 2021 Category: Emergency Medicine Authors: Neeraja Murali, Sahar Morkos El Hayek Source Type: research

Perfecting the Gastrointestinal Physical Exam
The physical examination of the patient is the cornerstone of the practice of medicine, and the skills to complete a thorough abdominal examination are critical in the care of patients. When performed correctly, the abdominal examination can be revealing when it comes to the overall health of the patient as well as acute pathology. The examination of the abdomen has the potential to minimize further testing or radiation and serves as a key diagnostic tool. In this article, we will discuss each portion of the abdominal examination in detail as well as pathologic findings, abdomen-specific signs, special patient populations,...
Source: Emergency Medicine Clinics of North America - September 9, 2021 Category: Emergency Medicine Authors: Liza DiLeo Thomas, Megan C. Henn Source Type: research

Abdominal Pain in the Emergency Department
Abdominal pain is the most common chief complaint in the Emergency Department. Abdominal pain is caused by a variety of gastrointestinal and nongastrointestinal disorders. Some frequently missed conditions include biliary pathology, appendicitis, diverticulitis, and urogenital pathology. The Emergency Medicine clinician must consider all aspects of the patient ’s presentation including history, physical examination, laboratory testing, and imaging. If no diagnosis is identified, close reassessment of pain, vital signs, and physical examination are necessary to ensure safe discharge. Strict verbal and written return preca...
Source: Emergency Medicine Clinics of North America - September 9, 2021 Category: Emergency Medicine Authors: Maglin Halsey-Nichols, Nicole McCoin Source Type: research

Chronic Drug Use and Abdominal Pain
This article highlights ethanol, opioids, and other common substances of abuse and how they may contribute to gastrointestinal complaints. (Source: Emergency Medicine Clinics of North America)
Source: Emergency Medicine Clinics of North America - September 9, 2021 Category: Emergency Medicine Authors: Alexis L. Cates, Brenna Farmer Source Type: research

Postprocedural Gastrointestinal Emergencies
Postprocedural complications encompass a wide array of conditions that vary in acuity, symptoms, index procedure, and treatment. Continued advancements in diagnostic and therapeutic procedures have led to a significant shift of procedures to the ambulatory setting. This trend is of particular interest to the emergency physician, as patients who develop complications often present to an emergency department for evaluation and treatment. Here the authors examine a high-yield collection of procedures, both ambulatory and inpatient, notable for their frequent utilization and unique complication profiles including common laparo...
Source: Emergency Medicine Clinics of North America - September 9, 2021 Category: Emergency Medicine Authors: Brian K. Parker, Sara Manning Source Type: research

Occult Abdominal Trauma
Occult abdominal injuries are common and can be associated with increased risk of morbidity and mortality. Patients with a delayed presentation to care or who are multiply injured are at increased risk of this type of injury, and a high index of suspicion must be maintained. A careful combination of history, physical examination, laboratory, and imaging can be quite helpful in mitigating the risk of a missed occult abdominal injury. (Source: Emergency Medicine Clinics of North America)
Source: Emergency Medicine Clinics of North America - September 9, 2021 Category: Emergency Medicine Authors: Elizabeth Leenellett, Adam Rieves Source Type: research

Laboratory Tests in the Patient with Abdominal Pain
Abdominal pain is one of the most common presenting complaints to the emergency department (ED). More often than not, some degree of laboratory testing is used to narrow the differential diagnosis based on the patient's history and examination. Ordering practices are often guided by evidence, habit, consulting services, and institutional/regional culture. This review highlights relevant laboratory studies that may be ordered in the ED, as well as commentary on indications and diagnostic value of these tests (Source: Emergency Medicine Clinics of North America)
Source: Emergency Medicine Clinics of North America - September 9, 2021 Category: Emergency Medicine Authors: Sreeja Natesan, Elizabeth Barrall Werley Source Type: research