Emergency Medicine Clinics of North America 
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This is an RSS file. You can use it to subscribe to this data in your favourite RSS reader or to display this data on your own website or blog.Pulmonary Emergencies
The mantra of emergency medicine is “A-B-C,” airway, breath sounds, circulation, and it is no surprise why. These represent the fastest causes of death—loss of airway, inadequate breathing, and compromised circulation—and consequently they represent the first priorities in resuscitation. It is noteworthy that two of these thre e components focus on the respiratory status of the patient. Loss of airway function and compromise of lung function are the most rapid killers in emergency medicine, and so it is appropriate that they receive the first and foremost attention in acute resuscitation. (Source: Emergency Medicin...
Source: Emergency Medicine Clinics of North America - August 1, 2022 Category: Emergency Medicine Authors: Amal Mattu Tags: Foreword Source Type: research
Respiratory and Airway Emergencies
EMERGENCY MEDICINE CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA (Source: Emergency Medicine Clinics of North America)
Source: Emergency Medicine Clinics of North America - August 1, 2022 Category: Emergency Medicine Authors: Haney Mallemat, Terren Trott Source Type: research
Copyright
ELSEVIER (Source: Emergency Medicine Clinics of North America)
Source: Emergency Medicine Clinics of North America - August 1, 2022 Category: Emergency Medicine Source Type: research
Contributors
AMAL MATTU, MD, FAAEM, FACEP (Source: Emergency Medicine Clinics of North America)
Source: Emergency Medicine Clinics of North America - August 1, 2022 Category: Emergency Medicine Source Type: research
Contents
Amal Mattu (Source: Emergency Medicine Clinics of North America)
Source: Emergency Medicine Clinics of North America - August 1, 2022 Category: Emergency Medicine Source Type: research
Forthcoming Issues
Cardiovascular Emergencies (Source: Emergency Medicine Clinics of North America)
Source: Emergency Medicine Clinics of North America - August 1, 2022 Category: Emergency Medicine Source Type: research
Intubating Special Populations
Emergency clinicians are tasked with managing a variety of patients with acute deformities. One of the most acute situations management of the patient who presents with an airway emergency. Patients present with various pathologies may result in anatomically challenging intubation scenarios. Deferral of intubation is often not an option in the emergency department. In some cases, challenging anatomic issues can be predicted before beginning laryngoscopy, but in many situations, prediction models fall short. It is critically important for emergency clinicians to anticipate anatomic issues in all airways and to have premedit...
Source: Emergency Medicine Clinics of North America - July 8, 2022 Category: Emergency Medicine Authors: Brandon Somwaru, Duncan Grossman Source Type: research
Basic Modes of Mechanical Ventilation
Acute respiratory failure requiring invasive mechanical ventilation is a common presentation in the emergency department. Providers can further improve care for these patients by understanding common modes of mechanical ventilation, recognizing changes in respiratory mechanics, and tailoring ventilator settings and therapies accordingly. (Source: Emergency Medicine Clinics of North America)
Source: Emergency Medicine Clinics of North America - July 8, 2022 Category: Emergency Medicine Authors: Jared Ward, Christopher Noel Source Type: research
Airway Pressure Release Ventilation
Airway pressure release ventilation (APRV) is a mode of ventilation that uses high airway pressures to recruit and maintain patients ’ lung volumes. The goal of this mode of ventilation is 2-fold: first, to maintain patients as close to their functional residual capacity as possible and second, to promote safe spontaneous breathing. APRV should essentially be viewed as continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), with intermitte nt releases of that pressure to metabolically support patients who are incapable of managing their ventilatory load. As patients recruit and lungs approach the patients’ natural lung volumes, th...
Source: Emergency Medicine Clinics of North America - July 8, 2022 Category: Emergency Medicine Authors: Rory Spiegel, Max Hockstein Source Type: research
Infectious Pulmonary Diseases
Pneumonia is a lower respiratory tract infection caused by the inability to clear pathogens from the lower airway and alveoli. Cytokines and local inflammatory markers are released, causing further damage to the lungs through the accumulation of white blood cells and fluid congestion, leading to pus in the parenchyma. The Infectious Diseases Society of America defines pneumonia as the presence of new lung infiltrate with other clinical evidence supporting infection, including new fever, purulent sputum, leukocytosis, and decline in oxygenation. Importantly, lower respiratory infections remain the most deadly communicable d...
Source: Emergency Medicine Clinics of North America - July 8, 2022 Category: Emergency Medicine Authors: Rachel Rafeq, Lauren A. Igneri Source Type: research
Right Ventricular Failure and Pulmonary Hypertension
Right ventricular dysfunction is an important component of the pathophysiology of several disorders commonly encountered in the emergency department (ED). Interventions often performed routinely early in the ED course such as fluid administration and endotracheal intubation have the potential to cause precipitous clinical deterioration in patients with right ventricular failure and pulmonary hypertension. It is important for emergency physicians to understand the pathophysiology of acute decompensated right ventricular failure in order to avoid common pitfalls in diagnosis and management that can result in significant morb...
Source: Emergency Medicine Clinics of North America - July 8, 2022 Category: Emergency Medicine Authors: Sara E. Crager, Caroline Humphreys Source Type: research
Evaluation and Management of Asthma and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Exacerbation in the Emergency Department
Obstructive lung disease includes asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Exacerbation of asthma or COPD can result in significant morbidity and mortality, and emergency department (ED) care is often required. ED evaluation should assess risk factors for severe exacerbation and the patient ’s hemodynamic and respiratory status. Assessments including chest radiograph, point-of-care ultrasound, capnography, and electrocardiogram can assist. First-line treatments for acute exacerbation include bronchodilators and corticosteroids. Noninvasive ventilation, magnesium, ketamine, and epinep hrine should be consi...
Source: Emergency Medicine Clinics of North America - July 8, 2022 Category: Emergency Medicine Authors: Brit Long, Salim R. Rezaie Source Type: research
Diagnosis and Management of Pulmonary Embolism
Pulmonary embolism is a challenging pathology commonly faced by emergency physicians, and diagnosis and management remain a crucial skill set. Inherent to the challenge is the breadth of presentation, ranging from asymptomatic pulmonary emboli to sudden cardiac death. Diagnosis and exclusion have evolved over time and now use a combination of clinical decision calculators and updates to the classic d-dimer cutoffs. Management of pulmonary emboli revolves around appropriate anticoagulation, which for most of the patients will comprise newer oral agents. However, there remains a substantial degree of practice variation and a...
Source: Emergency Medicine Clinics of North America - July 8, 2022 Category: Emergency Medicine Authors: Terren Trott, Jason Bowman Source Type: research
Noninvasive Mechanical Ventilation
This article explains the physiologic basis and fundamentals behind the technology of continuous positive airway pressure, bilevel positive airway pressure, and high flow nasal canula. Additionally, it explores some of the core literature behind their clinical applications. It will also compare HFNC with other noninvasive modalities for respiratory failure alongside clinical titration and weaning algorithms in the emergency department setting. (Source: Emergency Medicine Clinics of North America)
Source: Emergency Medicine Clinics of North America - July 8, 2022 Category: Emergency Medicine Authors: Harman S. Gill, Evie G. Marcolini Source Type: research
The Physiologically Difficult Intubation
Emergency physicians intubate critically ill patients almost daily. Intubation of the critically ill emergency department (ED) patient is a high-risk, high-stress situation, as many have physiologic derangements such as hypotension, hypoxemia, acidosis, and right ventricular dysfunction that markedly increase the risk of peri-intubation cardiovascular collapse and cardiac arrest. This chapter discusses critical pearls and pitfalls to intubate the critically ill ED patient with physiologic derangements. These pearls and pitfalls include appropriate preoxygenation; circulatory resuscitation; proper patient position and room ...
Source: Emergency Medicine Clinics of North America - July 8, 2022 Category: Emergency Medicine Authors: Kenneth Butler, Michael Winters Source Type: research
