Superego and the repression of affective and dream experiences.
Affect is a key factor for both repressive defensiveness and dream experiences, and repression is only one of the functions of the superego. Most previous studies, however, have not factored both trait and state affect into the effect of repression on dreaming. Nor have they investigated superego functioning as a personality dimension. Therefore, this study tested the structural relations between superego functioning, emotional distress, and dreaming that characterize a person’s mental life, and compared the affective and dream experiences of repressors and nonrepressors. The sample was composed of 601 voluntary young ad...
Source: Dreaming - November 4, 2013 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Yu, Calvin Kai-Ching Source Type: research
Inner speech in dreaming: A dialogic perspective.
Analysis of dream reports containing expressions of mental experience, references to knowledge not revealed by the sensory imagery of the dream, and references to past, future, and speculative conditional states that do not occur in the dream suggests that inner speech has an important function in dream formation and content. It is proposed that a dream is the product of the interplay of inner speech and imagery organized into narrative form. A dialogic perspective of dreaming that incorporates inner speech into the dream formation process suggests that verbal thoughts may be transformed into images—as literal or metapho...
Source: Dreaming - November 4, 2013 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Kilroe, Patricia Source Type: research
Research articles in Dreaming: A review of the first 20 years.
This article reviews the entire range of research articles in Dreaming over the past 20 years to explore how consistently they adhere to scientific standards. Articles are reviewed on the basis of how precise their description of the participant group was in terms of sample size, mean age, gender, and ethnicity; the duration of the study; the level of accuracy accepted; the sampling methodology; the number of quantitative tests; the researchers’ expressed awareness of limitations of the study; and whether their conclusions were presented as being global for all dreamers or more cautiously hedged. The ultimate aim of the ...
Source: Dreaming - September 30, 2013 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Hoffman, Curtiss Source Type: research
Lust, pornography, and erotic dreams.
This study examines the prevalence of men’s sexual behaviors, erotic dreams, and nocturnal emissions and the continuity between diurnal and nocturnal sexuality. On the strength of the findings generated from a survey of 306 young male adults, several important implications are highlighted. Pornography consumption and masturbation with ejaculation are almost universal habits for young men. The form of sexual acts that sleepers dream about reflects the type and incidence of their pornography use and sexual behaviors during wakefulness. Erotic dreams and nocturnal emissions appear to serve as complements to waking-life sexu...
Source: Dreaming - September 30, 2013 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Yu, Calvin Kai-Ching Source Type: research
Content analysis of Iranian college students’ dreams: Comparison with American data.
This article analyzes gender differences in the dream content of Iranian college students and compares the findings with normative American findings and with findings from studies of Indian and Japanese college students. The study utilized 218 dream reports collected with the Most Recent Dream method from 103 females and 115 males at the University of Tehran in Tehran. In general, the Iranian findings are similar to findings in the American, Indian, and Japanese studies. However, there were differences from the American norms that were sometimes similar to differences also found in Indian and Japanese college students, whi...
Source: Dreaming - September 30, 2013 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Mazandarani, Amir Ali; Aguilar-Vafaie, Maria E.; Domhoff, G. William Source Type: research
Sharing dreams: Frequency, motivations, and relationship intimacy.
The study investigated aspects of dream sharing and dream recall in an adult sample (N = 667). It explored with whom dreams are shared and why, as well as the relation between relationship intimacy and dream sharing frequency with the partner. A significant, positive correlation was found between dream sharing frequency in couples and perceived relationship intimacy. Further, the findings supported previous research in that women recalled and shared more dreams than men. It was also found, that dreams primarily were shared with a partner (if in a relationship), and with friends (if single), and that nonsingles shared dream...
Source: Dreaming - September 9, 2013 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Olsen, Michael Rohde; Schredl, Michael; Carlsson, Ingegerd Source Type: research
P-Technique Factor Analysis of an extensive time series of hypnagogic hallucinations.
The present study represents an attempt, in the context of the following questions, to examine the hypnagogic hallucinations experienced by one person over several years: (a) Do the hallucinations occur randomly, or follow some kind of trend or pattern? (b) Can the content of the hypnagogic experiences be categorized in types, and how do these relate to existing literature? (c) How do these types change or develop across the years? To find answers to the questions posed, first, the period of time was measured between consequent diary entries. Second, the actual material recorded by the dreamer was assessed using 14 criteri...
Source: Dreaming - August 5, 2013 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Anastasiadis, Nikolas Source Type: research
The structural relations between the superego, instinctual affect, and dreams.
This study aims to establish a structural equation model that explains the relations between instinctual emotions, superego functions, and dream experiences. The personality traits and dream characteristics of 596 Chinese young adults were assessed by the NEO Five-Factor Inventory, Affective Neuroscience Personality Scales, Marlowe-Crowne Social Desirability Scale, Dream Intensity Scale, and Dream Motif Scale. The analyses show that each instinctual emotion has a distinct pattern of associations with dream experiences. For instance, feeling the need to nurture or to be needed is associated with dreams featuring erotomania....
Source: Dreaming - July 1, 2013 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Yu, Calvin Kai-Ching Source Type: research
