Narrative qualities of bad dreams and nightmares.
This study empirically investigated content differences in bad dream and nightmare narratives collected prospectively utilizing evidenced-based scoring systems for waking narratives. Three-hundred and twelve participants completed a daily dream log where they were asked to record the incidence of disturbed dreaming and provide a written dream narrative for their bad dreams or nightmares. Participants reported a total of 642 disturbed dreaming narratives (504 bad dreams and 138 nightmares). Content analyses of narratives revealed distinct content differences between bad dreams and nightmares. Overall, nightmares contained m...
Source: Dreaming - June 30, 2014 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Fireman, Gary D.; Levin, Ross; Pope, Alice W. Source Type: research
Client involvement in the exploration stage of the hill cognitive-experiential dream model.
Client involvement was examined in the 4 steps of the exploration stage of the Hill (1996, 2004) cognitive-experiential dream model—description, reexperiencing, association, and waking life triggers. Seventeen cases from Gupta and Hill’s (2014) study were chosen based on best and worst outcome. Involvement in each step was significantly positively related to involvement in all the other steps. Clients were more involved in the description step than in the reexperiencing step. Client involvement in the description step was marginally significant in predicting session outcome, although client involvement in the other 3 s...
Source: Dreaming - June 30, 2014 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Kline, Kathryn V.; Hill, Clara E. Source Type: research
The outcome of dream sessions: The influence of dream recency, emotional intensity, and salience.
Twenty-five volunteer clients participated in 1 session with an early remembered dream (ERD) and 1 session with the most recent dream (MRD), using the Hill (2004) model of dream work. ERDs were 4 times more likely to be nightmares and 2.6 times more likely to be recurrent dreams than were MRDs, but ERDs and MRDs did not differ in emotional intensity or salience. In terms of outcomes, no differences were found between sessions involving ERDs and MRDs, but salient dreams led to better session outcome. Both therapists and clients preferred working with and clients more often implemented action plans with MRDs than with ERDs. ...
Source: Dreaming - June 30, 2014 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Gupta, Shudarshana; Hill, Clara E. Source Type: research
Assessing the day-residue and dream-lag effects using the identification of multiple correspondences between dream reports and waking life diaries.
Several studies have found a high incorporation of waking life events into dreams that occur during the following night (day-residue effect), then a decrease in incorporation into dreams over the next 2 to 4 nights, followed by a resurgence of incorporation into dreams 5 to 7 days after events (dream-lag effect). These studies involve dream diary and daily diary keeping across a 1 to 2 week period, after which participants or judges give a single rating to the degree of correspondence between each dream report and each diary record. In the current study, participants (3 males, 11 females; mean age = 50.62 years) rated sepa...
Source: Dreaming - June 30, 2014 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Henley-Einion, Josephine A.; Blagrove, Mark T. Source Type: research
Dreaming activity in bariatric surgery candidates.
The objective of this article was to contribute to the comprehension of the psychological aspects of severe obesity by analyzing the dream characteristics of bariatric surgery candidates. Given the lack of previous studies comparing control subjects and obese patients, we did not formulate specific hypotheses on possible differences between the 2 groups. We conducted a pilot study, generating hypotheses for future research. The study observed 41 severely obese individuals in presurgical psychiatric evaluation for bariatric surgery and 41 healthy volunteers of similar age. The last recalled dream of each participant was rec...
Source: Dreaming - June 16, 2014 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Zanasi, Marco; Giannoudas, Ioannis; Testoni, Federica; Melis, Marianna; Chiaramonte, Carlo; Siracusano, Alberto Source Type: research
Research articles in Dreaming: A review of the first 20 years: A reply to Michael Schredl’s comments.
This is the original author’s response to Michael Schredl’s review of his article (Hoffman, 2013), which appeared in the December issue of Dreaming. While acknowledging statistical errors in the article, the author questions some of Schredl’s critique from the perspective of anthropology as a social science. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2014 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: Dreaming)
Source: Dreaming - April 7, 2014 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Hoffman, Curtiss Source Type: research
Frequency of typical dream themes in most recent dreams: An online study.
Typical dreams are defined as dreams with similar contents reported by a high percentage of dreamers. Up to now, the frequencies of typical dream themes have been studied with questionnaires and these have indicated that the rank order of 55 typical dream themes is quite stable over different sample populations. The study presented here is the first to look at the frequencies of typical dream themes in a large sample of most recent dreams (N = 2853). Overall, all typical dream themes were found in the dream sample, even though some themes occurred vary rarely. The rank correlation between the present data and diary data el...
Source: Dreaming - April 7, 2014 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Mathes, Jonas; Schredl, Michael; Göritz, Anja S. Source Type: research
Physiological measures of emotion in sleep mentation: A pilot study in research methods.
Previous research in the field of sleep mentation (dreaming) has focused on the use of subjective reports of experience for measuring emotion in dream content. However, emotions are seldom explicitly mentioned in dream reports, and a more substantial method for empirically assessing the emotionality of sleep mentation imagery to the individual is necessary to assess qualitative differences between REM and NREM mentation. Here a previously established research method has been compared with a physiological measure of emotional arousal in order to determine whether physiological measures might be used as a reliable research t...
Source: Dreaming - April 7, 2014 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Murkar, Anthony L. A.; Smith, Carlyle T. Source Type: research
Polysemy and its vicissitudes: Oneirocritical hermeneutics in Sura and Vienna.
Dreams have an aura of mystery. To the Talmudist they are oracular. For Freud they represent a dark unknown: the drive dominated cauldron of unconscious desire. Babylonian Sura and Vienna were both Diaspora for the authors of canonical texts on dream interpretation. Remarkably, both Freud and the Talmud brought similar assumptions to this obscure playing field: Dreams hide a “truly real” but deferred meaning, they are polysemic and there are invariant symbols encrypted in their condensed “plastic” imagery. These assumptions allowed ancient interpreters to predict future events and psychoanalysts to uncover past inf...
Source: Dreaming - April 7, 2014 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Kutash, Emilie F. Source Type: research
Evidence for the preferential incorporation of emotional waking-life experiences into dreams.
The continuity hypothesis of dreaming states that waking life is continuous with dreams, but many of the factors that have been postulated to influence wake–dream continuity have rarely been studied. The present study investigated whether certain factors—emotional and stressfulness intensity, and certain types of experiences—influence the likelihood of a waking-life experience being incorporated into a dream. Participants (N = 32) kept dream diaries and waking-life experience logs for 14 consecutive days, and waking-life experiences were matched to dream reports. Waking-life experiences that were incorporated into dr...
Source: Dreaming - April 7, 2014 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Malinowski, Josie; Horton, Caroline L. Source Type: research
Toward 100% dream retrieval by rapid-eye-movement sleep awakening: A high-density electroencephalographic study.
This study aims to demonstrate that dream images can be retrieved from virtually all REM episodes across the night in any neurologically healthy individuals and that high-density electroencephalography is superior to the standard polysomnography in identifying sleep events and localizing wave sources. Seven young adults, who rarely recalled their dream experiences, volunteered to attend a screening interview, keep a nightly log, and sleep at the laboratory for 3 consecutive nights. Awakenings were made on the third night, the first 2 nights serving the purpose of adaptation. By utilizing the electroencephalographic system ...
Source: Dreaming - April 7, 2014 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Yu, Calvin Kai-Ching Source Type: research
Criteria for evaluating empirical research articles: A reply to Curtiss Hoffman’s “Research articles in Dreaming: A review of the first 20 years."
The paper of Curtiss Hoffman (2003) is highly relevant for our field. Although I admire the efforts of Curtiss Hoffman in evaluating the quality of quantitative dream studies, I must admit that some of his assumptions are not based in theories found in the epistemology. The aim of this reply is to point out some of the shortcomings of his paper and to suggest other criteria that might be important for assessing the quality of the papers. I share with Curtiss Hoffman the aspiration to improve the quality of dream research papers so that our field will be increasingly recognized in the field of science and among the general ...
Source: Dreaming - January 13, 2014 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Schredl, Michael Source Type: research
Correction to Hoffman (2013).
This article reviews the entire range of research articles in Dreaming over the past 20 years to explore how consistently they adhere to scientific standards. Articles are reviewed on the basis of how precise their description of the participant group was in terms of sample size, mean age, gender, and ethnicity; the duration of the study; the level of accuracy accepted; the sampling methodology; the number of quantitative tests; the researchers’ expressed awareness of limitations of the study; and whether their conclusions were presented as being global for all dreamers or more cautiously hedged. The ultimate aim of the ...
Source: Dreaming - January 13, 2014 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Hoffman, Curtiss Source Type: research
Gender, sex role orientation, and dreaming.
Despite the large number of studies addressing gender differences in dream recall and other dream-related variables, research regarding whether these differences might be affected by sex role orientation is rather scarce. The findings of the present online study clearly indicate that sex role orientation, femininity/expressivity, and masculinity/instrumentality affects dream variables such as dream recall frequency, nightmare frequency, dream tone, and emotional intensity as well as attitude toward dreaming. Expressivity was strongly correlated with the emotional intensity of dreams whereas instrumentality was associated w...
Source: Dreaming - January 13, 2014 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Schredl, Michael; Kim, Eugenia; Labudek, Sarah; Schädler, Anna; Göritz, Anja S. Source Type: research
Cognitive structure associated with the lucid features of gamers dreams.
In a follow-up from Gackenbach and Kuruvilla (2008a), data analysis was undertaken examining the metacognitive qualities of video game players dreams associated with lucidity. Kahan and LaBerge’s (1994) Metacognitive, Affective, Cognitive Experience Questionnaire (MACE) responses were examined in a principle component factor analysis. Several factors loaded dream type and gaming variables along with items from the MACE. It was concluded that gaming may be associated with dream lucidity because of the enhanced problem-solving quality of gamer’s dreams. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2014 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: Dreaming)
Source: Dreaming - January 13, 2014 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Gackenbach, Jayne; Kuruvilla, Beena Source Type: research
