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Correction to: Incorporating Colorectal Cancer Genetic Risk Assessment into Gastroenterology Practice
The original article unfortunately contained a mistake. On page 8, Table 2, the row with “POLE POLD1” has been shifted right so all the columns are not correct. (Source: Current Treatment Options in Gastroenterology)
Source: Current Treatment Options in Gastroenterology - December 22, 2019 Category: Gastroenterology Source Type: research

Beyond the Calories —Is the Problem in the Processing?
AbstractPurpose of reviewThe purpose of this review is to describe the trends in dietary patterns and food quality over time along with the possible role of ultra-processed foods in obesity, chronic diseases, and all-cause mortality in the US population.Recent findingsThere is a rising obesity epidemic, corresponding chronic diseases, and increases in ultra-processed food consumption. In mice and in vitro trials, emulsifiers, found in processed foods, have been found to alter microbiome compositions, elevate fasting blood glucose, cause hyperphagia, increase weight gain and adiposity, and induce hepatic steatosis. Recent h...
Source: Current Treatment Options in Gastroenterology - November 29, 2019 Category: Gastroenterology Source Type: research

Sleep Disturbances in the Elderly Patient with Inflammatory Bowel Disease
AbstractPurpose of reviewStudies have suggested that sleep and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) appear to have an important bi-directional relationship, where active disease promotes sleep disruption and poor sleep promotes ongoing and worsening inflammation. In the geriatric population, poor sleep has been linked to increasing morbidity and mortality. The etiologies of poor sleep in the elderly are multifactorial and are understood to be a part of the geriatric syndromes, conditions in the elderly associated with poorer mortality and morbidity. We review the current literature regarding the common sources of sleep disturb...
Source: Current Treatment Options in Gastroenterology - November 26, 2019 Category: Gastroenterology Source Type: research

Initiatives for a Healthy Stomach
AbstractPurpose of reviewThe stomach is not only a major digestive organ, but also a sophisticated endocrine organ and an essential microbial defense organ. Stomach diseases, such as peptic ulcer diseases, stomach cancer, and functional dyspepsia, are important health burden worldwide. However, the public awareness about the stomach health and diseases are relatively low.Recent findingsTo promote the awareness of medical professionals and also the general population on stomach health and diseases, the healthy stomach initiatives (HSI) was established in 2012. The HSI is very active in promoting international collaboration ...
Source: Current Treatment Options in Gastroenterology - November 26, 2019 Category: Gastroenterology Source Type: research

Genetic testing for hereditary gastrointestinal cancer syndromes: Interpreting results in today's practice
AbstractPurpose of reviewAdvances in genomics have led to the discovery of multiple predisposition genes linked to increased risk for gastrointestinal (GI) cancer. The goal of this review is to assist physicians and allied health care professionals in understanding the current paradigm shift in clinical genetic testing for hereditary GI cancer predisposition syndromes; with a focus on multigene panel testing (MGPT) and test results interpretation. Additionally, this review introduces direct-to-consumer and at-home genetic testing. Both delivery models are increasing in popularity and clinicians will be expected to address ...
Source: Current Treatment Options in Gastroenterology - November 24, 2019 Category: Gastroenterology Source Type: research

Pancreatic Cancer Surveillance: Who, When, and How
AbstractPurpose of ReviewIndividuals who have an increased risk for pancreatic cancer (PC) due to personal or family history may benefit from surveillance of the pancreas to increase the likelihood of early detection. This review explores current indications for PC surveillance, as well as options for surveillance modality and timing, and data regarding surveillance outcomes.Recent FindingsRecently published data suggests that individuals undergoing surveillance who develop PC are more likely to be diagnosed with resectable disease, which improves survival. Several professional organizations have published guidelines for s...
Source: Current Treatment Options in Gastroenterology - November 23, 2019 Category: Gastroenterology Source Type: research

An Approach to Obesity Management for Gastroenterologists and Hepatologists
AbstractPurpose of ReviewObesity is associated with multiple gastrointestinal and liver diseases such as gastroesophageal reflux disease, Barrett ’s esophagus, esophageal adenocarcinoma, cholelithiasis, colon polyps, and fatty liver disease. To effectively manage obesity, it is imperative to understand current and emerging therapies and procedures.FindingsObesity is becoming increasingly prevalent and is associated with a growing monetary health care burden. Cardiac disease, cerebrovascular disease, and diabetes are among the leading causes of preventable and premature death of Americans related to obesity. In addition t...
Source: Current Treatment Options in Gastroenterology - November 20, 2019 Category: Gastroenterology Source Type: research

Special Considerations for Colorectal Surgery in the Elderly IBD Patient
AbstractPurpose of reviewWe sought to understand the key aspects to optimize in the perioperative period when treating an elderly surgical patient with inflammatory bowel disease.Recent findingsAddressing preoperative polypharmacy, frailty, and nutrition is important in the elderly population. Understanding intraoperative principles of oncologic risk and pouch formation and the advantages of laparoscopy are key. Postoperative-enhanced recovery pathways and VTE prophylaxis are essential for high-quality care.SummaryPreoperative, perioperative, and postoperative factors can greatly impact elderly patients ’ surgical outcom...
Source: Current Treatment Options in Gastroenterology - November 20, 2019 Category: Gastroenterology Source Type: research

The Evolving Role of Thiopurines in Inflammatory Bowel Disease
AbstractPurpose of reviewWith the advent of biologic therapies for the treatment of IBD, the roles of thiopurines have continued to evolve. This review will focus on recent advances in pharmacology and the safety and efficacy of thiopurines as maintenance therapies for steroid-induced remissions, post-surgical maintenance of remission, and as combination therapies to reduce immunogenicities of biologic agents.Recent findingsDue to pharmacogenetics of TPMT, thiopurine dosing is more effectively based on monitoring of thiopurine metabolites rather than weight-based dosing. Thiopurines continue to have a role as maintenance t...
Source: Current Treatment Options in Gastroenterology - November 20, 2019 Category: Gastroenterology Source Type: research

Treatment of Severe and Fulminnant Clostridioides difficile Infection
This article will review current management strategies for severe and fulminantClostridioides difficile infection (CDI).Recent findingsClostridioides difficile is the most common nosocomial cause of infectious diarrhea. With the rise of hypervirulent strains of CDI, almost 8% of patients hospitalized with CDI are afflicted with severe CDI (SCDI) or fulminant CDI (FCDI). A significant proportion of these patients do not respond to recommended anti-CDI antibiotic therapy such as oral vancomycin and fidaxomicin. Current recommendations suggest that patients with refractory CDI should proceed to colectomy or diverting loop ile...
Source: Current Treatment Options in Gastroenterology - November 18, 2019 Category: Gastroenterology Source Type: research

Immune-Mediated Colitis
AbstractPurpose of reviewThis review addresses our current knowledge of immune-mediated colitis (IMC) and offers a practical guide to its management.Recent findingsDue to the similarity in clinical, endoscopic, and histologic findings between IMC and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), gastroenterologists have tailored their approach to IMC management to that of IBD.SummaryImmune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are monoclonal antibodies that augment the T-cell anti-tumor response of the immune system and have demonstrated their importance in the treatment of a wide range of malignancies. With the growing benefits of ICIs, there...
Source: Current Treatment Options in Gastroenterology - November 17, 2019 Category: Gastroenterology Source Type: research

Incorporating Colorectal Cancer Genetic Risk Assessment into Gastroenterology Practice
AbstractPurpose of reviewDecades have passed since the underlying molecular etiologies of the most common hereditary forms of colorectal cancer (CRC), Lynch syndrome, and familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) were first described. With the advent of next-generation sequencing (NGS) panels, the landscape of hereditary CRC testing has changed dramatically. We review available screening strategies, novel CRC predisposition genes, and challenges and opportunities in this field.Recent findingsImproved sensitivity and availability of NGS panel testing have greatly expanded our understanding regarding the number of CRC syndromes a...
Source: Current Treatment Options in Gastroenterology - November 17, 2019 Category: Gastroenterology Source Type: research

Esophageal Dysphagia in the Elderly
AbstractPurpose of reviewWith a globally aging population, dysphagia is a growing health concern among elderly. Increasing reflux disease has contributed to an increased prevalence of dysphagia from peptic strictures and esophageal cancer. Dysphagia can lead to malnutrition and aspiration pneumonia, causing considerable morbidity and mortality. This review article focuses on recent advances in the approach and management of esophageal dysphagia.Recent findingsEndoscopic functional luminal imaging probe is a novel test that complements upper endoscopy, esophagram, and esophageal manometry for evaluation of esophageal dyspha...
Source: Current Treatment Options in Gastroenterology - November 17, 2019 Category: Gastroenterology Source Type: research

What is the Relevance of Gastric Microbiota Beyond H. pylori ?
ConclusionOther bacteria beyondH. pylori enter the focus in research on gastric carcinogenesis. However, we are still far from a thorough understanding of the pathophysiology of host-microbiota interaction and its impact on the development of malignant and precancerous changes. (Source: Current Treatment Options in Gastroenterology)
Source: Current Treatment Options in Gastroenterology - November 14, 2019 Category: Gastroenterology Source Type: research

Pancreatic Cysts in the Elderly
AbstractPurpose of reviewIncidental pancreatic cysts are common, and management strategies continue to evolve. This review summarizes diagnostic and management recommendations in older patients with these lesions based on guidelines and best clinical evidence.Recent findingsDiagnosis of cyst type has been enhanced with improved imaging and cyst fluid analysis and visualization. Recent outcome studies indicate that certain cyst types should be followed independent of patient age as long as certain criteria which are reviewed are met.SummaryDifferentiation of pancreatic cyst type is important as this dictates the need for lo...
Source: Current Treatment Options in Gastroenterology - November 8, 2019 Category: Gastroenterology Source Type: research