Who Would Have Predicted Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children?
AbstractPurpose of ReviewMultisystem inflammatory disease in children (MIS-C) is a novel post-infectious phenomenon following coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19). Herein, we present an in-depth review of the latest MIS-C literature related to clinical findings, pathophysiology, imaging and laboratory studies, treatment algorithms, and disease outcomes.Recent FindingsWith its non-specific presentation of fever, gastrointestinal symptoms, cardiovascular injury and shock, systemic inflammation, and Kawasaki disease (KD)-like features, MIS-C can be a diagnostic challenge, overlapping with KD and active COVID-19 infection. Howeve...
Source: Current Rheumatology Reports - February 12, 2022 Category: Rheumatology Source Type: research
Identification of Common Pathogenic Pathways Involved in Hemochromatosis Arthritis and Calcium Pyrophosphate Deposition Disease: a Review
ConclusionsPossible shared pathogenic pathways relate more to bone and abnormal damage/repair mechanisms than direct damage to articular cartilage. While additional work is necessary to fully understand the pathogenesis of arthritis in HH and to firmly establish causal links with CPPD, this review provides some plausible hypotheses explaining the overlap of these two forms of arthritis. (Source: Current Rheumatology Reports)
Source: Current Rheumatology Reports - February 10, 2022 Category: Rheumatology Source Type: research
Idiopathic Orbital Myositis Revisited
AbstractPurpose of ReviewTo review current knowledge regarding idiopathic orbital myositis.Recent FindingsRecent publications have focused on possible causes of orbital myositis and the process to reach a diagnosis of idiopathic orbital myositis. With inflamed and enlarged extraocular muscles, features to distinguish between competing diagnostic possibilities are based on imaging in the context of history and clinical signs. Idiopathic orbital myositis is characterized by the clinical triad of acute onset of orbital pain exacerbated on eye movement, double vision, and redness or swelling of the eyelids or conjunctiva, alon...
Source: Current Rheumatology Reports - February 9, 2022 Category: Rheumatology Source Type: research
MRI in the Diagnosis and Treatment Response Assessment of Chronic Nonbacterial Osteomyelitis in Children and Adolescents
AbstractPurpose of ReviewTo explain the central role of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the diagnosis and follow-up of chronic nonbacterial osteomyelitis (CNO) in children and adolescents, centering on practical technical aspects and salient diagnostic features.Recent FindingsIn the absence of conclusive clinical features and widely accepted laboratory tests, including validated disease biomarkers, MRI (whether targeted or covering the entire body) currently plays an indispensable role in the diagnosis and therapy response assessment of CNO. Whole-body MRI, which is the reference imaging standard for CNO, can be limite...
Source: Current Rheumatology Reports - February 8, 2022 Category: Rheumatology Source Type: research
Mesangial Cells in Lupus Nephritis
AbstractPurpose of ReviewMesangial cells are critical for the proper function of the glomerulus, playing roles in structural support and injury repair. However, they are also early responders to glomerular immune complex deposition and contribute to inflammation and fibrosis in lupus nephritis. This review highlights recent studies identifying signaling pathways and mediators in mesangial cell response to lupus-relevant stimuli.Recent FindingsAnti-dsDNA antibodies, serum, or plasma from individuals with lupus nephritis, or specific pathologic factors activated multiple signaling pathways. These pathways largely included JA...
Source: Current Rheumatology Reports - January 5, 2022 Category: Rheumatology Source Type: research
Epidemiology of Antiphospholipid Syndrome in the General Population
AbstractPurpose of ReviewThe epidemiology of antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is poorly understood. Here, we review the current understanding of the epidemiology of antiphospholipid syndrome in the general population and the frequency of antiphospholipid antibodies in the general population in patients with obstetric morbidity, arterial events, and venous thromboembolism.Recent FindingsThere have been few population-based studies that estimated the prevalence and incidence of APS. The estimated incidence and prevalence among most these studies ranged between 1 and 2 cases per 100,000 and 40 and 50 cases per 100,000 respecti...
Source: Current Rheumatology Reports - January 5, 2022 Category: Rheumatology Source Type: research
An Update on Antiphospholipid Syndrome
AbstractPurpose of ReviewTo review the recent available evidence on epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical phenotypes, and management of antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) and summarize potential future research perspectives.Recent FindingsAccumulating evidence has further expanded our understanding of the disease, including new data about the incidence and prevalence of APS, novel pathways supporting the role of thrombo-inflammation in APS including platelet, monocyte and endothelial cell activation, pro-inflammatory cytokine and chemokine production, complement activation, neutrophil extracellular trap release, and type I int...
Source: Current Rheumatology Reports - January 5, 2022 Category: Rheumatology Source Type: research
Mesangial Cells in Lupus Nephritis
AbstractPurpose of ReviewMesangial cells are critical for the proper function of the glomerulus, playing roles in structural support and injury repair. However, they are also early responders to glomerular immune complex deposition and contribute to inflammation and fibrosis in lupus nephritis. This review highlights recent studies identifying signaling pathways and mediators in mesangial cell response to lupus-relevant stimuli.Recent FindingsAnti-dsDNA antibodies, serum, or plasma from individuals with lupus nephritis, or specific pathologic factors activated multiple signaling pathways. These pathways largely included JA...
Source: Current Rheumatology Reports - January 5, 2022 Category: Rheumatology Source Type: research
Epidemiology of Antiphospholipid Syndrome in the General Population
AbstractPurpose of ReviewThe epidemiology of antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is poorly understood. Here, we review the current understanding of the epidemiology of antiphospholipid syndrome in the general population and the frequency of antiphospholipid antibodies in the general population in patients with obstetric morbidity, arterial events, and venous thromboembolism.Recent FindingsThere have been few population-based studies that estimated the prevalence and incidence of APS. The estimated incidence and prevalence among most these studies ranged between 1 and 2 cases per 100,000 and 40 and 50 cases per 100,000 respecti...
Source: Current Rheumatology Reports - January 5, 2022 Category: Rheumatology Source Type: research
An Update on Antiphospholipid Syndrome
AbstractPurpose of ReviewTo review the recent available evidence on epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical phenotypes, and management of antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) and summarize potential future research perspectives.Recent FindingsAccumulating evidence has further expanded our understanding of the disease, including new data about the incidence and prevalence of APS, novel pathways supporting the role of thrombo-inflammation in APS including platelet, monocyte and endothelial cell activation, pro-inflammatory cytokine and chemokine production, complement activation, neutrophil extracellular trap release, and type I int...
Source: Current Rheumatology Reports - January 5, 2022 Category: Rheumatology Source Type: research
