Applications of neural networks in urology: a systematic review
Purpose of review
Over the last decade, major advancements in artificial intelligence technology have emerged and revolutionized the extent to which physicians are able to personalize treatment modalities and care for their patients. Artificial intelligence technology aimed at mimicking/simulating human mental processes, such as deep learning artificial neural networks (ANNs), are composed of a collection of individual units known as ‘artificial neurons’. These ‘neurons’, when arranged and interconnected in complex architectural layers, are capable of analyzing the most complex patterns. The aim of this systemati...
Source: Current Opinion in Urology - October 3, 2020 Category: Urology & Nephrology Tags: ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND SIMULATION IN UROLOGY: Edited by Domenico Veneziano and Quoc-Dien Trinh Source Type: research
Artificial intelligence in the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of urinary stones
This article reviews advances in the use of artificial intelligence for the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of urinary stone disease over the last 2 years. Pertinent studies were identified via a nonsystematic review of the literature performed using MEDLINE and the Cochrane database.
Recent findings
Twelve articles have been published, which met the inclusion criteria. This included three articles in the detection and diagnosis of stones, six in the prediction of postprocedural outcomes including percutaneous nephrolithotomy and shock wave lithotripsy, and three in the use of artificial intelligence in prevention o...
Source: Current Opinion in Urology - October 3, 2020 Category: Urology & Nephrology Tags: ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND SIMULATION IN UROLOGY: Edited by Domenico Veneziano and Quoc-Dien Trinh Source Type: research
Impact of radiomics on prostate cancer detection: a systematic review of clinical applications
Purpose of review
To systematically review the current literature to assess the role of radiomics in the detection and evaluation of prostate cancer (PCa).
Recent findings
Radiomics involves the high-throughput extraction of radiologic features from clinical imaging, using a panel of sophisticated data-characterization algorithms to make an objective and quantitative determination of diagnoses and clinical characteristics. Radiomics evaluation of existing clinical images would increase their clinical value in many cancer management pathways, including PCa. However, a consensus on the implementation of radiomics has no...
Source: Current Opinion in Urology - October 3, 2020 Category: Urology & Nephrology Tags: ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND SIMULATION IN UROLOGY: Edited by Domenico Veneziano and Quoc-Dien Trinh Source Type: research
Clinical applications of artificial intelligence in urologic oncology
Purpose of review
This review aims to shed light on recent applications of artificial intelligence in urologic oncology.
Recent findings
Artificial intelligence algorithms harness the wealth of patient data to assist in diagnosing, staging, treating, and monitoring genitourinary malignancies. Successful applications of artificial intelligence in urologic oncology include interpreting diagnostic imaging, pathology, and genomic annotations. Many of these algorithms, however, lack external validity and can only provide predictions based on one type of dataset.
Summary
Future applications of artificial intelligence wil...
Source: Current Opinion in Urology - October 3, 2020 Category: Urology & Nephrology Tags: ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND SIMULATION IN UROLOGY: Edited by Domenico Veneziano and Quoc-Dien Trinh Source Type: research
Editorial: Artificial intelligence and simulation in urology
No abstract available (Source: Current Opinion in Urology)
Source: Current Opinion in Urology - October 3, 2020 Category: Urology & Nephrology Tags: ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND SIMULATION IN UROLOGY: Edited by Domenico Veneziano and Quoc-Dien Trinh Source Type: research
Editorial introductions
No abstract available (Source: Current Opinion in Urology)
Source: Current Opinion in Urology - October 3, 2020 Category: Urology & Nephrology Tags: EDITORIAL INTRODUCTIONS Source Type: research
Bladder-preserving strategies for Bacillus Calmette-Guérin unresponsive non-muscle invasive bladder cancer; where are we and what will be expected?: Erratum
No abstract available (Source: Current Opinion in Urology)
Source: Current Opinion in Urology - August 3, 2020 Category: Urology & Nephrology Tags: ERRATUM Source Type: research
Cytoreductive nephrectomy for favorable risk patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma? No, cytoreductive nephrectomy should no longer be routinely performed
No abstract available (Source: Current Opinion in Urology)
Source: Current Opinion in Urology - August 3, 2020 Category: Urology & Nephrology Tags: POINT-COUNTERPOINT Source Type: research
Cytoreductive nephrectomy for favorable risk patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma? Yes, cytoreductive nephrectomy should still be considered
No abstract available (Source: Current Opinion in Urology)
Source: Current Opinion in Urology - August 3, 2020 Category: Urology & Nephrology Tags: POINT-COUNTERPOINT Source Type: research
Secretion of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 in urine
Purpose of review
Despite the plethora of publications discussing the severe respiratory coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), evidence of viral secretion in urine is sparse.
Recent findings
We could identify 34 publications including a total of 2172 patients. Among those, 549 patients were tested for SARS-CoV-2 secretion in urine, which was detected in only 38 patients (6.9%). Within the seven studies displaying positive results, the majority of positive patients (86.8%) was from not yet peer-reviewed studies including weak data and heterogeneous techniques for sample testing. Furthermore, none of the studies available in the ...
Source: Current Opinion in Urology - August 3, 2020 Category: Urology & Nephrology Tags: SPECIAL COMMENTARY Source Type: research
Outcomes of loco-regional anaesthesia in ureteroscopy for stone disease: a systematic review
Purpose of review
Routine ureteroscopy (URS) for stone disease is performed under a general anaesthesia. However, controversy exists on the role of loco-regional anaesthesia and the outcomes associated with it. Here we review the challenges, outcomes and complications of loco-regional anaesthesia for URS. A Cochrane style review was performed in accordance with the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses guidelines to evaluate the outcomes of loco-reginal anaesthesia for URS in stone disease, including all English language articles from January 1980 and December 2019.
Recent findings
Twenty-...
Source: Current Opinion in Urology - August 3, 2020 Category: Urology & Nephrology Tags: CONTROVERSIES IN UROLOGY: Edited by Shahrokh F. Shariat Source Type: research
Smoking and bladder cancer: review of the recent literature
Purpose of review
This review summarizes the current knowledge regarding the relationship between smoking and bladder cancer (BCa), especially with respect to treatment outcomes for muscle and nonmuscle-invasive BCa (MIBC/NMIBC).
Recent findings
PubMed/Medline databases were searched for recent reports investigating the association of smoking with BCa. Smoking is associated with an increased risk of recurrence in patients with NMIBC and may impair Bacillus Calmette-Guerin treatment efficacy. Moreover, smoking is associated with poor responses to neoadjuvant chemotherapy, poor survival outcomes and high complication ra...
Source: Current Opinion in Urology - August 3, 2020 Category: Urology & Nephrology Tags: CONTROVERSIES IN UROLOGY: Edited by Shahrokh F. Shariat Source Type: research
mpMRI-targeted biopsy versus systematic biopsy for clinically significant prostate cancer diagnosis: a systematic review and metaanalysis
Purpose of review
We aimed to compare the accuracy of clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa) diagnosis by magnetic resonance imaging-targeted biopsy (MRI-TB) versus systematic biopsy (SB) in men suspected of having prostate cancer (PCa).
Recent findings
In biopsy-naïve patients, MRI-TB was more accurate to identify csPCa than SB. However, when comparing specifically MRI-TB versus transperineal (SB), we did not find any difference. Furthermore, in a repeat biopsy scenario, MRI-TB found more csPCa than SB as well. Finally, postanalysis comparing combined biopsy (SB plus MRI-TB) suggests that the later alone may...
Source: Current Opinion in Urology - August 3, 2020 Category: Urology & Nephrology Tags: CONTROVERSIES IN UROLOGY: Edited by Shahrokh F. Shariat Source Type: research
Impact of hospital and surgeon volumes on short-term and long-term outcomes of radical cystectomy
Purpose of review
There is heightened awareness and trends towards centralizing high-risk, complex surgeries such as radical cystectomy to minimize complications and improve survival. However, after nearly a decade of mandated and/or passive centralization of care, debate regarding its benefits and harms continues.
Recent findings
During the past decade, mandated and passive centralization has led to an increase in radical cystectomies performed in high-volume hospitals (HVHs) and, perhaps by high-volume surgeons (HVS), in addition to efforts to increase the uptake of multidisciplinary strategies in the management of ...
Source: Current Opinion in Urology - August 3, 2020 Category: Urology & Nephrology Tags: CONTROVERSIES IN UROLOGY: Edited by Shahrokh F. Shariat Source Type: research
Volume outcome relationship in penile cancer: a systematic review
Purpose of review
Penile cancer is a rare disease with significant morbidity. Because of the low volume of cases, it has been suggested that its treatment should be centralized in order to improve outcomes through better management of both the primary tumor and distant disease. We reviewed and summarized the most relevant recent publications regarding centralization of penile cancer management.
Recent findings
Management of penile cancer in academic and supra-regional centers was associated with better survival outcomes. Moreover, reports from population-based studies showed more adherence to guidelines recommendation...
Source: Current Opinion in Urology - August 3, 2020 Category: Urology & Nephrology Tags: CONTROVERSIES IN UROLOGY: Edited by Shahrokh F. Shariat Source Type: research
