Current Emergency and Hospital Medicine Reports 
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This is an RSS file. You can use it to subscribe to this data in your favourite RSS reader or to display this data on your own website or blog.Mammalian Bites: Infection Prevention and Management
This article reviews approaches to the evaluation and treatment of patients with mammalian bites presenting to the Emergency Department with an emphasis on infectious complication prevention and management.Recent FindingsRecent studies questioned the wisdom of leaving all bite wounds open, while reinforcing extreme caution with primary closure of wounds in areas of the body where infection development is likelier and more consequential. Nuances have also emerged as far as prophylactic antibiotics are concerned.SummaryOnce an initial trauma assessment and stabilization have been completed in the patient with an animal bite,...
Source: Current Emergency and Hospital Medicine Reports - June 10, 2023 Category: Emergency Medicine Source Type: research
Hypertonic Saline in the Critically Ill: A Review of Indications, Routes, and Dosing
AbstractPurpose of ReviewIn this article, we review the use of hypertonic saline (HTS) for FDA-approved indications, namely treatment of hyponatremia and elevated intracranial pressure (ICP), as well as the routes of administration appropriate for infusion.Recent FindingsThough society guidelines for treating hyponatremia have not recently changed, new data is emerging that supports the use of bolus-based HTS treatment regimens. HTS is at least as effective as mannitol for lowering elevated ICP from cerebral edema and is also now the preferred hyperosmolar treatment in patients with intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) and trauma...
Source: Current Emergency and Hospital Medicine Reports - June 8, 2023 Category: Emergency Medicine Source Type: research
Identifying and Managing Vector-Borne Diseases in Migrants and Recent Travelers in the Emergency Department
AbstractPurpose of ReviewRecognition and treatment of neglected tropical and vector-borne diseases is paramount as travel and immigration resume after a brief lull during the COVID-19 pandemic. These patients often present initially to the emergency department, and increasing physician knowledge of symptoms and treatment can reduce morbidity and mortality. This paper aims to summarize typical presentations of common tropical diseases, both neglected and vector borne, and provide the emergency physician with a diagnostic pathway based on current recommendations.Recent FindingsCo-circulation of ZIKV, CHIKV, and DENV is incre...
Source: Current Emergency and Hospital Medicine Reports - April 26, 2023 Category: Emergency Medicine Source Type: research
Epidemiology of Lower-extremity Musculoskeletal Injuries in Runners: An Overview of Systematic Reviews
AbstractPurpose of ReviewThis overview of systematic reviews aimed to summarize the current published systematic reviews investigating the prevalence, incidence, types, and locations of lower-extremity running-related musculoskeletal injuries.Recent FindingsStudies have addressed the prevalence and incidence of running-related musculoskeletal injuries in different countries and different types of runners. However, to the best of our knowledge, there is no overview of systematic reviews on the epidemiology of lower-extremity injuries in runners.SummaryThe overall incidence of running-related musculoskeletal injuries ranged ...
Source: Current Emergency and Hospital Medicine Reports - April 19, 2023 Category: Emergency Medicine Source Type: research
Recent Advances in Imported Malaria Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Management
AbstractPurpose of ReviewMalaria is an important human parasitic disease affecting the population of tropical, subtropical regions as well as travelers to these areas.The purpose of this article is to provide clinicians practicing in non-endemic areas with a comprehensive overview of the recent data on microbiologic and pathophysiologic features of fivePlasmodium parasites, clinical presentation of uncomplicated and severe cases, modern diagnostic methods, and treatment of malaria.Recent FindingsEmployment of robust surveillance programs, rapid diagnostic tests, highly active artemisinin-based therapy, and the first mala...
Source: Current Emergency and Hospital Medicine Reports - April 12, 2023 Category: Emergency Medicine Source Type: research
Current Updates in Rectal Infusion of Fluids and Medications
AbstractPurpose of ReviewRectal infusion is a feasible alternative for the immediate administration of medication and fluids when intravenous access is delayed, contraindicated, or unnecessary. Advances in medical device technology have made rectal infusion more practical and easier for medical care providers, and more comfortable for patients. This paper briefly reviews the history of therapeutic rectal infusion, including recent improvements in technology and the existing evidence for the use of this technique.Recent FindingsWhile ultrasound-guided peripheral intravenous (PIV) access techniques and other alternatives to ...
Source: Current Emergency and Hospital Medicine Reports - March 24, 2023 Category: Emergency Medicine Source Type: research
Intraosseous Vascular Access in Cardiac Arrest: A Systematic Review of the Literature, with Implications for Future Research
AbstractPurpose of ReviewDespite recent advances, the rate of survival from out of hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) in the USA remains low, at 10.4%. Intraosseous (IO) cannulation is described in the 2020 American Heart Association (AHA) Advanced Cardiac Life Support (ACLS) guidelines as an acceptable alternative to direct intravenous access for the administration of resuscitative fluids and medications to treat cardiac arrest (CA). Although IO vascular access is commonly used to treat CA, evidence on the efficacy of this route remains limited. The purpose of this review was to present the current evidence regarding the use ...
Source: Current Emergency and Hospital Medicine Reports - March 10, 2023 Category: Emergency Medicine Source Type: research
The Athlete ’s ECG: The Potential Utility in Screening and Prevention of Sudden Cardiac Death
AbstractPurpose of ReviewThe purpose of the review is to discuss the role of the electrocardiogram (ECG) in screening and diagnostic evaluation for the young athletic population. It additionally reviews the incidence of sudden cardiac death, the limitations of the ECG, and the importance of emergency action plans.Recent FindingsRecent findings show that while heavily debated regarding its role for screening purposes in preparticipation evaluations, emerging consensus guidelines have helped improve the false positive rate of ECGs to detect cardiac abnormalities that may contribute to sudden cardiac death (SCD).SummaryIn sum...
Source: Current Emergency and Hospital Medicine Reports - March 10, 2023 Category: Emergency Medicine Source Type: research
Complications of Intraosseous Catheterization in Adult Patients: A Review of the Literature
AbstractPurpose of ReviewTherapeutic intraosseous (IO) infusion of fluids and medications can be life-saving under emergent conditions, but may be associated with specific complications. We sought to determine the rate of complications associated with IO use in adult subjects as reported in the existing English-language literature.Recent FindingsMost previous reviews of complications associated with IO catheter use have either focused on a specific complication or included a mixed pool of pediatric and adult subjects. The landmark review in this area was published in 1985, and much new information has been published over t...
Source: Current Emergency and Hospital Medicine Reports - March 8, 2023 Category: Emergency Medicine Source Type: research
Current Evidence Surrounding the Use of Sodium Bicarbonate in the Critically Ill Patient
AbstractPurpose of ReviewPatients requiring admission to the intensive care unit frequently develop severe metabolic acidosis. Severe and prolonged acidosis has been correlated with worsened outcomes. Despite theoretical benefit of acidosis correction with sodium bicarbonate administration, available evidence has not supported its use in improving clinical outcomes. This review examines evidence surrounding sodium bicarbonate use in select clinical conditions seen in critically ill patients, including shock, diabetic ketoacidosis, tricyclic antidepressant and acetylsalicylic acid toxicity, and sudden cardiac arrest.Recent ...
Source: Current Emergency and Hospital Medicine Reports - February 16, 2023 Category: Emergency Medicine Source Type: research
A Systematic Review of Complications from Pediatric Intraosseous Cannulation
AbstractPurpose of ReviewIntraosseous (IO) infusion is a commonly used method for obtaining vascular access in emergency situations. Despite the widespread, continued use of IO cannulation for pediatric subjects, a high-quality systematic review of the literature on pediatric IO complications is lacking. To our knowledge, this is the first comprehensive analysis of IO complications specific to the pediatric population.Recent FindingsTo our knowledge, there are no recent meta-analyses or reviews of pediatric IO complications in the literature. Outside of intermittent case reports and retrospective and prospective studies, t...
Source: Current Emergency and Hospital Medicine Reports - December 9, 2022 Category: Emergency Medicine Source Type: research
Current Considerations in Emergency Airway Management
This article aims to discuss several of these items in a digestible fashion and provide immediate impact for emergency airway providers. (Source: Current Emergency and Hospital Medicine Reports)
Source: Current Emergency and Hospital Medicine Reports - December 3, 2022 Category: Emergency Medicine Source Type: research
Flow Rate Considerations for Intraosseous Catheter Use
AbstractPurpose of ReviewThis review is intended to familiarize the clinician with considerations relevant to the expected flow rates associated with the clinical use of intraosseous (IO) infusion catheters. Relevant concepts include site of intraosseous insertion, device used, type and amount of infusion pressure provided, and complications that may affect flow through the IO device.Recent FindingsIntraosseous cannulation is increasingly used to provide emergent vascular access for patients with difficult vascular access, especially in situations when peripheral venous access is not readily available. Recent studies have ...
Source: Current Emergency and Hospital Medicine Reports - November 24, 2022 Category: Emergency Medicine Source Type: research
A Review of Rare Etiologies of Altered Mental Status in the Emergency Department
AbstractPurpose of ReviewEmergency providers are well prepared for the rapid diagnosis and management of common etiologies of altered mental status. However, patients with persistently altered mental status of unclear etiology can present diagnostic and management challenges.Recent FindingsEnhanced laboratory and imaging testing for patients in the emergency department has enabled the expanded workup and rapid diagnosis of life-threatening etiologies of altered mental status. Emergency physicians can improve patient care by reviewing updates in the current understanding of complex conditions causing altered mental status s...
Source: Current Emergency and Hospital Medicine Reports - September 14, 2022 Category: Emergency Medicine Source Type: research
Evaluation and Management of New Onset and Breakthrough Seizures in Adults in the Emergency Department
AbstractPurpose of ReviewThis review seeks to inform ED providers about best practices in the evaluation and treatment of new onset seizures in adults as well as those with established seizure diagnosis and breakthrough seizures.Recent FindingsCurrent evidence suggests that early EEG has a higher rate of detecting epileptiform activity which is important as it can determine which patients need initiation of AED therapy. Early initiation of AEDs is important because although it does not have a mortality benefit or improve long-term remission it does improve quality of life and number of seizures.SummaryAppropriate assessmen...
Source: Current Emergency and Hospital Medicine Reports - September 7, 2022 Category: Emergency Medicine Source Type: research
