Foreword
The neuropathic Charcot foot has been a fascinating disease process to study throughout my whole career. As a resident, I remember scrubbing in many cases of Charcot reconstruction with Drs McGlamry, Ruch, Kalish, and Banks in 1989 –1993. Drs McGlamry and Ruch started this journey into Charcot reconstruction in the mid-1980s, and this was always done while the foot was in the quiescent phase of disease. A Charcot reconstruction was always an open Achilles tendon lengthening and open surgical stabilization of the involved are as of bone injury. (Source: Clinics in Podiatric Medicine and Surgery)
Source: Clinics in Podiatric Medicine and Surgery - September 28, 2022 Category: Podiatry Authors: Thomas J. Chang Source Type: research

Management of the Charcot Foot and Ankle
CLINICS IN PODIATRIC MEDICINE AND SURGERY (Source: Clinics in Podiatric Medicine and Surgery)
Source: Clinics in Podiatric Medicine and Surgery - September 28, 2022 Category: Podiatry Authors: BYRON HUTCHINSON Source Type: research

Copyright
ELSEVIER (Source: Clinics in Podiatric Medicine and Surgery)
Source: Clinics in Podiatric Medicine and Surgery - September 28, 2022 Category: Podiatry Source Type: research

Contributors
THOMAS J. CHANG, DPM (Source: Clinics in Podiatric Medicine and Surgery)
Source: Clinics in Podiatric Medicine and Surgery - September 28, 2022 Category: Podiatry Source Type: research

Contents
Thomas J. Chang (Source: Clinics in Podiatric Medicine and Surgery)
Source: Clinics in Podiatric Medicine and Surgery - September 28, 2022 Category: Podiatry Source Type: research

Forthcoming Issues
Current Concepts in Sports Medicine (Source: Clinics in Podiatric Medicine and Surgery)
Source: Clinics in Podiatric Medicine and Surgery - September 28, 2022 Category: Podiatry Source Type: research

Application of Biomechanics in Treating the Athlete
Biomechanics is a crucial component of treating lower extremity pathology. The relaxed calcaneal stance position, the Achilles flexibility, and the first ray motion and position tests are demonstrated and should be mastered. The relaxed calcaneal stance position is crucial in children ’s flat feet treatment, adult acquired flat feet, and all pronatory symptoms. The Achilles flexibility measurement demonstrates normality, tightness, or overflexibility. Tightness and overflexibility denote weakness owing to the contractile properties of the tendon. The first ray motion and positi on examination elucidates whether the first...
Source: Clinics in Podiatric Medicine and Surgery - September 28, 2022 Category: Podiatry Authors: Richard L. Blake Source Type: research

Orthobiologic Use in Sports Injuries
Orthobiologics have gained much popularity in recent years but there has not been a large amount of clinical evidence to support their use. In the limited research that has been published, they have been shown to be effective and safe. They can assist in earlier return to activity with the avoidance of surgery. They can also augment current surgical practice to aid in healing and return to sport with few complications. With new medical innovation, there is unfortunately a higher cost for these products. The use of orthobiologics will only grow and so will the need for high-level clinical evidence. (Source: Clinics in Podia...
Source: Clinics in Podiatric Medicine and Surgery - September 28, 2022 Category: Podiatry Authors: Lawrence Oloff, Isaac Wilhelm, Nishit Vora Source Type: research

Posterior Ankle Impingement Syndrome
Posterior ankle impingement is typically seen in athletes, primarily dancers and soccer players, secondary to dynamic and repetitive push-off maneuvers and forced hyperplantarflexion. Posterior ankle impingement results from chronic, repetitive trauma to the posterior ankle capsule, flexor hallucis longus tendon, and/or os trigonum. It is important to perform a thorough workup by isolating and testing the posterior compartment muscles and obtaining proper imaging with radiographs to identify any osseous abnormalities and MRI to evaluate the soft tissue structures. Nonsurgical treatment includes activity modification, physi...
Source: Clinics in Podiatric Medicine and Surgery - September 28, 2022 Category: Podiatry Authors: Megan A. Ishibashi, Matthew D. Doyle, Craig E. Krcal Source Type: research

Bone Metabolism in Charcot
Bone metabolism in the healthy, young adult is identified as a relatively stable process. Normal bone turnover is a dynamic state, which is conferred through intracellular signaling and complex cellular pathways. It has been well described in the literature that Charcot neuro-osteoarthropathy is a disease state, which is marked by intense bone turnover leading to structural collapse and dissolution of skeletal features of the foot and ankle. Within the last two  decades, extensive interest has been placed in characterizing the metabolic pathogenesis of Charcot bone metabolism. Despite this work, there remains an incomplet...
Source: Clinics in Podiatric Medicine and Surgery - August 28, 2022 Category: Podiatry Authors: Lisa Grant-McDonald, William Grant Source Type: research

Nondiabetic Charcot Neuroarthropathy
There are many similarities between nondiabetic and diabetic Charcot neuroarthropathy (CN) but many of the underlying causes causing nondiabetic neuropathy and CN are associated with poor bone quality. Patient workup for nondiabetic CN should include the underlying cause of the neuropathy and optimization of bony healing, such as vitamin D supplementation and bisphosphonate or calcitonin administration. Surgical reconstruction should include the most robust fixation possible, as nondiabetic patients with CN are more prone to delayed union. (Source: Clinics in Podiatric Medicine and Surgery)
Source: Clinics in Podiatric Medicine and Surgery - August 28, 2022 Category: Podiatry Authors: Emily C. Wagler Source Type: research

Diabetes Mellitus
Diabetes mellitus with the lack of glycemic control increases risks for developing comorbidities affecting organ systems responsible for critical function. The development of diabetic neuropathy predisposes patients to the onset of Charcot neuroarthropathy (CN). There is significant complexity with treatment of diabetic-induced CN, which can have an often delayed or missed diagnosis. Supervision and treatment from trained specialists are required to provide care for this multifaceted disease process. It is essential for patients to partner with glucose control, comorbidity prevention and care, as well as lower extremity ma...
Source: Clinics in Podiatric Medicine and Surgery - August 6, 2022 Category: Podiatry Authors: Lindsey R. Hjelm Source Type: research

Management of the Charcot Foot and Ankle
This article serves as an update to current treatment recommendations for the nonreconstructive surgical management of Charcot neuroarthropathy. (Source: Clinics in Podiatric Medicine and Surgery)
Source: Clinics in Podiatric Medicine and Surgery - August 6, 2022 Category: Podiatry Authors: Shirley Chen, John D. Miller, John S. Steinberg Source Type: research

Conservative Management of Charcot Neuroarthropathy
Charcot can be a difficult clinical entity to diagnose in the acute phase, and clinicians should have a high clinical suspicion in neuropathic patients who present with erythema, edema, and warmth of the foot or ankle. Immobilization and nonweight-bearing should be immediately initiated when the diagnosis of Charcot has been made and patients should remain nonweight-bearing until the affected bones/joints have coalesced. Educating patients and managing expectations is crucial to improve compliance with the conservative treatment of Charcot and avoid the long-term sequelae including severe deformity, ulceration and infectio...
Source: Clinics in Podiatric Medicine and Surgery - August 6, 2022 Category: Podiatry Authors: Mallory Schweitzer, Stephen Rockhill Source Type: research

Circular Fixation in Charcot
Static circular fixation is a valuable tool for patients with Charcot foot and ankle deformities. The versatility of circular fixators allows for dynamic adjustments over time and can allow for off-loading of flaps or ulcers. The circular fixator can be used as a primary fixation device in cases of osteomyelitis or to facilitate lengthening when a segmental bone defect exists such as loss of the talus. As a secondary fixation device it can protect the internal fixation or be used when there is a compromised soft tissue envelope. (Source: Clinics in Podiatric Medicine and Surgery)
Source: Clinics in Podiatric Medicine and Surgery - August 6, 2022 Category: Podiatry Authors: Byron Hutchinson Source Type: research