Case Reports in Nephrology and Dialysis This is an RSS file. You can use it to subscribe to this data in your favourite RSS reader or to display this data on your own website or blog.

Surprising Hyperkalemia of 10.2 mmol/L in a Patient with Hyperglycemia: A Case Report
Hyperkalemia is a life-threatening condition potentially leading to cardiac arrest. Here, we report a case of surprising severe hyperkalemia of 10.2 mmol/L in a diabetic patient with previously normal kidney function presenting without discernible clinical symptoms to our emergency department. The patient was admitted because of hyperglycemia of 32.8 mmol/L, which was detected during daily testing in her nursing home. The hyperkalemia was caused by prerenal failure due to hyperglycemic polyuria which led to volume depletion, and worsened by a combination of potassium-sparing drugs and potassium supplementation. The patient...
Source: Case Reports in Nephrology and Dialysis - February 25, 2021 Category: Urology & Nephrology Source Type: research

A Rare Case of Unilateral Renal Cortical Necrosis
We present a case of a previously healthy 24-year-old male with acute unilateral cortical necrosis, where contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) became a valuable diagnostic tool. Antiphospholipid syndrome was subsequently diagnosed. Primary antiphospholipid syndrome is a well-known, but rare cause of cortical necrosis. It promotes thrombosis in renal arteries, capillaries and veins, and usually affects both kidneys. Unilateral cortical necrosis due to antiphospholipid syndrome has, to our knowledge, not been previously described.Case Rep Nephrol Dial 2021;11:63 –68 (Source: Case Reports in Nephrology and Dialysis)
Source: Case Reports in Nephrology and Dialysis - February 12, 2021 Category: Urology & Nephrology Source Type: research

Late-Onset Kidney Biopsy-Associated Retroperitoneal Hemorrhage in Lupus Nephritis: A Case Report of Pseudoaneurysm and Microaneurysm Formations
In conclusion, SLE or lupus nephritis in this patient may be the predisposing factors for microaneurysm and RIP formations. RIP is an unusual complication after percutaneous kidney biopsy that carries a significant mortality rate if ruptured, causing retroperitoneal hemorrhage. Clinicians should be vigilant when encountering high-risk patients with persistent hematuria, flank pain, or ab dominal pain within four weeks after a kidney biopsy.Case Rep Nephrol Dial 2021;11:55 –62 (Source: Case Reports in Nephrology and Dialysis)
Source: Case Reports in Nephrology and Dialysis - February 5, 2021 Category: Urology & Nephrology Source Type: research

Nutcracker Syndrome: A Single-Center Experience
Nutcracker syndrome, whose prevalence and natural history are still poorly known, is a clinical syndrome caused by left renal vein compression between the superior mesenteric artery and the aorta. Long-term results and treatment outcomes are not well known. Our group aimed to characterize 7 patients diagnosed with nutcracker syndrome in childhood and to describe their clinical manifestations, diagnostic approaches, and mostly their clinical evolution, rate of complications, and treatment outcomes.Case Rep Nephrol Dial 2021;11:48 –54 (Source: Case Reports in Nephrology and Dialysis)
Source: Case Reports in Nephrology and Dialysis - February 5, 2021 Category: Urology & Nephrology Source Type: research

Low-Vacuum Scanning Electron Microscopy to Assess Histopathological Resolution of Class V Lupus Nephritis: A Case Report
In this report, we describe findings that indicated resorption of epithelial deposits, that is, resolution of LN. The results of repeated kidney biopsies confirmed by LV-SEM suggested the possibility of a state unrelated to LN.Case Rep Nephrol Dial 2021;11:36 –47 (Source: Case Reports in Nephrology and Dialysis)
Source: Case Reports in Nephrology and Dialysis - February 3, 2021 Category: Urology & Nephrology Source Type: research

The Use of Supra-Hemodiafiltration in Traumatic Rhabdomyolysis and Acute Kidney Injury: A Case Report
Oliguric acute kidney injury due to traumatic rhabdomyolysis can be potentially lethal if the proper medical therapy combined with extracorporeal detoxification is not performed. Different extracorporeal techniques are available to overcome this syndrome. Here, we report the first case of removal of myoglobin and successful recovery from acute kidney injury in an elderly septic patient using supra-hemodiafiltration with endogenous reinfusion technique (HFR-Supra) combined with the medical therapy.Case Rep Nephrol Dial 2021;11:26 –35 (Source: Case Reports in Nephrology and Dialysis)
Source: Case Reports in Nephrology and Dialysis - February 3, 2021 Category: Urology & Nephrology Source Type: research

Collapsing FSGS with Concurrent Class 2 and 3 Lupus Nephritis: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
We describe the presentation of a 20-year-old African American female with advanced renal failure (creatinine 7.16 mg/dL), nephrotic-range proteinuria, and a 30-pound weight loss. Renal biopsy demonstrated class 2 and 3 LN as well as cFSGS. A review of the current literature demonstrates that the dual diagnosis of LN and cFSGS may not be as rare as previously understood. Whether the presence of one of these pathophysiologic processes predisposes a patient to the development of the other, or whether genetic variation increases the risk for development of both conditions, remains unclear. Currently there is no standard thera...
Source: Case Reports in Nephrology and Dialysis - January 28, 2021 Category: Urology & Nephrology Source Type: research

A Case of Pneumocystis jirovecii Pneumonia under Belatacept and Everolimus: Benefit-Risk Balance between Renal Allograft Function and Infection
Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia is an opportunistic disease usually prevented by trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. A 49-year-old HLA-sensitized male with successful late conversion from tacrolimus-based to belatacept-based immunosuppression developedP. jirovecii pneumonia for which he presented several risks factors: low lymphocyte count with no CD4+ T cells detected since 2 years, hypogammaglobulinemia, history of acute cellular rejection 3 years before, and immunosuppressive treatment (belatacept, everolimus). Because of respiratory gravity in the acute phase, the patient was given oxygen, corticosteroids, and trimethoprim...
Source: Case Reports in Nephrology and Dialysis - January 27, 2021 Category: Urology & Nephrology Source Type: research

Primary Myelofibrosis-Related Renal Disorders Treated with a Janus Kinase Inhibitor
Extramedullary hematopoiesis is widely known to occur in patients with primary myelofibrosis (PMF). Autopsy studies on individuals with PMF revealed that extramedullary hematopoiesis occurred in the kidneys in 35% of the cases, but there is little awareness regarding such lesions. A 63-year-old man was diagnosed with PMF based on a detailed examination of persistent high white blood cells. An examination of the patient ’s medical records revealed an increased white blood cell count, deterioration of kidney function, and urinary protein excretion developed simultaneously. Thus, a kidney biopsy was performed. Advanced lymp...
Source: Case Reports in Nephrology and Dialysis - January 25, 2021 Category: Urology & Nephrology Source Type: research

First Reported Case in Romania of a Successfully Treated Severe COVID-19 in a Kidney Transplant Recipient: A Focus on Acute Kidney Injury
We report on a case of a 46-year-old kidney transplant recipient who was successfully treated for severe COVID-19 pneumonia. The clinical course was complicated by transient acute kid ney injury, most likely due to tubulo-interstitial involvement, with return to the baseline of the creatinine level by the time of discharge. We discuss the characteristics and differential diagnosis of acute kidney injury, as well as management of immunosuppression in connection with overall clinic al status and evolution of kidney function. The case is illustrative for dilemmas that transplant professionals may face in the absence of eviden...
Source: Case Reports in Nephrology and Dialysis - December 7, 2020 Category: Urology & Nephrology Source Type: research

 PAX2 Mutation-Related Oligomeganephronia in a Young Adult Patient
Oligomeganephronic hypoplasia, commonly referred to as oligomeganephronia (OMN), is a rare pediatric disorder characterized by small kidneys. Histologically a paucity of nephrons is observed which show compensatory enlargement. Hyperfiltration injury leads to end-stage kidney disease. Here we report a 23-year-old Caucasian female patient who presented with a 7-year history of nonnephrotic proteinuria, slow worsening of renal function, normal-sized kidneys, normal blood pressure, healthy weight, and normoglycemia. Evaluation of a kidney biopsy specimen revealed sparsely distributed and markedly enlarged glomeruli (glomerula...
Source: Case Reports in Nephrology and Dialysis - November 30, 2020 Category: Urology & Nephrology Source Type: research

Fibrilo-Tactoid Glomerulonephritis: A Possible Novel Morphological Variant
Fibrillary and immunotactoid glomerulonephritis are infrequent causes of primary nephrotic range proteinuria and are poorly understood. Recent significant developments include the discovery of DNA JB9 antigen in fibrillary glomerulonephritis. Here, we present a case of a middle-aged woman who presented with nephrotic range proteinuria, hematuria, and normal renal function. Renal biopsy revealed fibrils that were randomly arranged on electron microscopy. They were of small size and congo red negative similar to the ones found in fibrillary glomerulonephritis, but were also DNA JB 9 negative, and had a hollow core like in im...
Source: Case Reports in Nephrology and Dialysis - November 17, 2020 Category: Urology & Nephrology Source Type: research

 Ewingella americana Peritonitis in a Patient on Peritoneal Dialysis: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
We describe a case ofEwingella americana peritonitis, the first such case reported from the United States. A 68-year-old woman with end-stage kidney disease due to hypertension was initiated on PD 2 years prior to the present event. She presented with abdominal pain associated with nausea and vomiting. She was afebrile and hemodynamically stable. Abdomen was diffusely tender with guarding and rebound. No obvious root cause was apparent. Initial PD fluid white count was 502/mm3 with 87% neutrophils. Gram stain was negative. Culture grew gram-negative rods, which were later identified asEwingella americana, resistant to ampi...
Source: Case Reports in Nephrology and Dialysis - November 4, 2020 Category: Urology & Nephrology Source Type: research

Herpes Zoster in Kidney Transplant Recipients: A Series of Three Cases
We present the clinical course of 3 kidney transplant recipients who developed HZ after transplantation at different times post-transplant with varying clinical manifestations. The balance between maintaining immunosuppression and preventing or subsequently treating disseminated disease is discussed.Case Rep Nephrol Dial 2020;10:139 –146 (Source: Case Reports in Nephrology and Dialysis)
Source: Case Reports in Nephrology and Dialysis - November 2, 2020 Category: Urology & Nephrology Source Type: research

Clinical Results of Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate in a Hemodialysis Patient with Chronic Hepatitis B
A male hepatitis B virus (HBV) carrier in his 40s under hemodialysis treatment exhibited chronic hepatitis (alanine aminotransferase: 41 IU/L, HBV-DNA: #x3e;9.1 log copies/mL). Following discontinuation of the initial treatment with pegylated interferon- α-2a at 24 weeks due to adverse effects, the administration of tenofovirdisoproxil fumarate (TDF) (300 mg/week) led to a rapid improvement in hepatitis markers: HBV DNA became undetectable at month 34, and seroconversion of hepatitis B envelope antigen was confirmed at 45 months. No side effects were recorded during TDF treatment. TDF is a newly approved nucleoside analog...
Source: Case Reports in Nephrology and Dialysis - October 15, 2020 Category: Urology & Nephrology Source Type: research