Erratum to: Viral Vectors in Gene Replacement Therapy
In this article the funding section was misprinted unintentionally. The funding statement should be corrected as follows:A.D.E. was supported by the Russian Science Foundation and Kuban Science Foundation (project no. 22-14-20046). E.M., A.G., A.K., and R.A.I. were supported by the internal projects GTH-RND-2011 and GTH-RND-2112. (Source: Biochemistry (Moscow))
Source: Biochemistry (Moscow) - March 1, 2024 Category: Biochemistry Source Type: research
Organ Frame Elements or Free Intercellular Gel-Like Matrix as Necessary Conditions for Building Organ Structures during Regeneration
AbstractOver the past decades, an unimaginably large number of attempts have been made to restore the structure of mammalian organs after injury by introducing stem cells into them. However, this procedure does not lead to full recovery. At the same time, it is known that complete regeneration (restitution without fibrosis) is possible in organs with proliferating parenchymal cells. An analysis of such models allows to conclude that the most important condition for the repair of histological structures of an organ (in the presence of stem cells) is preservation of the collagen frame structures in it, which serve as “guid...
Source: Biochemistry (Moscow) - February 1, 2024 Category: Biochemistry Source Type: research
Preface to the Special Issue: The Skulachev Project
(Source: Biochemistry (Moscow))
Source: Biochemistry (Moscow) - February 1, 2024 Category: Biochemistry Source Type: research
A Redox-Regulated, Heterodimeric NADH:cinnamate Reductase in Vibrio ruber
AbstractGenes of putative reductases of α,β-unsaturated carboxylic acids are abundant among anaerobic and facultatively anaerobic microorganisms, yet substrate specificity has been experimentally verified for few encoded proteins. Here, we co-produced in Escherichia coli a heterodimeric protein of the facultatively anaerobic marine bacteriumVibrio ruber (GenBank SJN56019 and SJN56021; annotated as NADPH azoreductase and urocanate reductase, respectively) withVibrio cholerae flavin transferase. The isolated protein (named Crd) consists of thesjn56021-encoded subunit CrdB (NADH:flavin,FAD binding 2, andFMN bind domains) ...
Source: Biochemistry (Moscow) - February 1, 2024 Category: Biochemistry Source Type: research
Age-Dependent Changes in the Production of Mitochondrial Reactive Oxygen Species in Human Skeletal Muscle
AbstractA decrease in muscle mass and its functionality (strength, endurance, and insulin sensitivity) is one of the integral signs of aging. One of the triggers of aging is an increase in the production of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species. Our study was the first to examine age-dependent changes in the production of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species related to a decrease in the proportion of mitochondria-associated hexokinase-2 in human skeletal muscle. For this purpose, a biopsy was taken from m. vastus lateralis in 10 young healthy volunteers and 70 patients (26-85 years old) with long-term primary arthrosis ...
Source: Biochemistry (Moscow) - February 1, 2024 Category: Biochemistry Source Type: research
AgeMeta: Quantitative Gene Expression Database of Mammalian Aging
AbstractAgeMeta is a database that provides systemic and quantitative description of mammalian aging at the level of gene expression. It encompasses transcriptomic changes with age across various tissues of humans, mice, and rats, based on a comprehensive meta-analysis of 122 publicly available gene expression datasets from 26 studies. AgeMeta provides an intuitive visual interface for quantification of aging-associated transcriptomics at the level of individual genes and functional groups of genes, allowing easy comparison among various species and tissues. Additionally, all the data in the database can be downloaded and ...
Source: Biochemistry (Moscow) - February 1, 2024 Category: Biochemistry Source Type: research
Exploring Patterns of Human Mortality and Aging: A Reliability Theory Viewpoint
This article is a part of a special issue of the journal that commemorates the legacy of the eminent Russian scientist Vladimir Petrovich Skulachev (1935-2023) and his bold ideas about evolution of biological aging and phenoptosis. (Source: Biochemistry (Moscow))
Source: Biochemistry (Moscow) - February 1, 2024 Category: Biochemistry Source Type: research
Developing Peripheral Biochemical Biomarkers of Brain Disorders: Insights from Zebrafish Models
AbstractHigh prevalence of human brain disorders necessitates development of the reliable peripheral biomarkers as diagnostic and disease-monitoring tools. In addition to clinical studies, animal models markedly advance studying of non-brain abnormalities associated with brain pathogenesis. The zebrafish (Danio rerio) is becoming increasingly popular as an animal model organism in translational neuroscience. These fish share some practical advantages over mammalian models together with high genetic homology and evolutionarily conserved biochemical and neurobehavioral phenotypes, thus enabling large-scale modeling of human ...
Source: Biochemistry (Moscow) - February 1, 2024 Category: Biochemistry Source Type: research
Mitocentricity
AbstractWorldwide, interest in mitochondria is constantly growing, as evidenced by scientific statistics, and studies of the functioning of these organelles are becoming more prevalent than studies of other cellular structures. In this analytical review, mitochondria are conditionally placed in a certain cellular center, which is responsible for both energy production and other non-energetic functions, without which the existence of not only the eukaryotic cell itself, but also the entire organism is impossible. Taking into account the high multifunctionality of mitochondria, such a fundamentally new scheme of cell functio...
Source: Biochemistry (Moscow) - February 1, 2024 Category: Biochemistry Source Type: research
Enhanced ROS Production in Mitochondria from Prematurely Aging mtDNA Mutator Mice
AbstractAn increase in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations and an ensuing increase in mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) production have been suggested to be a cause of the aging process ( “the mitochondrial hypothesis of aging”). In agreement with this, mtDNA-mutator mice accumulate a large amount of mtDNA mutations, giving rise to defective mitochondria and an accelerated aging phenotype. However, incongruously, the rates of ROS production in mtDNA mutator mitochondria have gene rally earlier been reported to be lower – not higher – than in wildtype, thus apparently invalidating the “mitochondrial hy...
Source: Biochemistry (Moscow) - February 1, 2024 Category: Biochemistry Source Type: research
Evolution of Longevity in Tetrapods: Safety Is More Important than Metabolism Level
AbstractVarious environmental morphological and behavioral factors can determine the longevity of representatives of various taxa. Long-lived species develop systems aimed at increasing organism stability, defense, and, ultimately, lifespan. Long-lived species to a different extent manifest the factors favoring longevity (gerontological success), such as body size, slow metabolism, activity of body ’s repair and antioxidant defense systems, resistance to toxic substances and tumorigenesis, and presence of neotenic features. In continuation of our studies of mammals, we investigated the characteristics that distinguish l...
Source: Biochemistry (Moscow) - February 1, 2024 Category: Biochemistry Source Type: research
Relationship of Cytotoxic and Antimicrobial Effects of Triphenylphosphonium Conjugates with Various Quinone Derivatives
In this study, we investigated antibacterial properties of other quinone derivatives based on decyltriphenylphosphonium (SkQ3, SkQT, and SkQThy). We have shown that they, just like SkQ1, inhibit growth of various Gram-positive bacteria at micromolar concentrations, while being less effective agains t Gram-negative bacteria, which is associated with recognition of the triphenylphosphonium derivatives by the main multidrug resistance (MDR) pump of Gram-negative bacteria, AcrAB-TolC. Antibacterial action of SkQ1 itself was found to be dependent on the number of bacterial cells. It is important to note that the cytotoxic effec...
Source: Biochemistry (Moscow) - February 1, 2024 Category: Biochemistry Source Type: research
Calculating Aging: Analysis of Survival Curves in the Norm and Pathology, Fluctuations in Mortality Dynamics, Characteristics of Lifespan Distribution, and Indicators of Lifespan Variation
AbstractThe article describes the history of studies of survival data carried out at the Research Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology under the leadership of Academician V. P. Skulachev from 1970s until present, with special emphasis on the last decade. The use of accelerated failure time (AFT) model and analysis of coefficient of variation of lifespan (CVLS) in addition to the Gompertz methods of analysis, allows to assess survival curves for the presence of temporal scaling (i.e., manifestation of accelerated aging), without changing the shape of survival curve with the same coefficient of variation. A modification ...
Source: Biochemistry (Moscow) - February 1, 2024 Category: Biochemistry Source Type: research
Retinoprotective Effect of SkQ1, Visomitin Eye Drops, Is Associated with Suppression of P38 MAPK and ERK1/2 Signaling Pathways Activity
AbstractVisomitin eye drops are the first and, so far, the only drug based on SkQ1 – the mitochondria-targeted antioxidant 10-(6′-plastoquinonyl) decyltriphenylphosphonium, developed in the laboratories of Moscow State University under the leadership of Academician V. P. Skulachev. SkQ1 is considered as a potential tool to combat the aging program. We have previously shown that it is able to prevent and/or suppress development of all manifestations of accelerated senescence in OXYS rats, including retinopathy, similar to the age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Here, we assessed the effect of Visomitin instillati...
Source: Biochemistry (Moscow) - February 1, 2024 Category: Biochemistry Source Type: research
Safari with an Electron Gun: Visualization of Protein and Membrane Interactions in Mitochondria in Natural Environment
AbstractThis paper presents new structural data about mitochondria using correlative light and electron microscopy (CLEM) and cryo-electron tomography. These state-of-the-art structural biology methods allow studying biological objects at nanometer scales under natural conditions. Non-invasiveness of these methods makes them comparable to observing animals in their natural environment on a safari. The paper highlights two areas of research that can only be accomplished using these methods. The study visualized location of the A β42 amyloid aggregates in relation to mitochondria to test a hypothesis of development of mitoc...
Source: Biochemistry (Moscow) - February 1, 2024 Category: Biochemistry Source Type: research
