Superoxide Anion Radical Generation in Photosynthetic Electron Transport Chain
AbstractThis review analyzes data available in the literature on the rates, characteristics, and mechanisms of oxygen reduction to a superoxide anion radical at the sites of photosynthetic electron transport chain where this reduction has been established. The existing assumptions about the role of the components of these sites in this process are critically examined using thermodynamic approaches and results of the recent studies. The process of O2 reduction at the acceptor side of PSI, which is considered the main site of this process taking place in the photosynthetic chain, is described in detail. Evolution of photosyn...
Source: Biochemistry (Moscow) - August 1, 2023 Category: Biochemistry Source Type: research
Analysis of Transferrin in the Urine of Patients with Bladder Cancer Using Nanobodies
AbstractIt is known that the saturation ratio of transferrin (Tf) with iron in human blood is an important clinical parameter. Specific antibodies can be used to analyze subtle changes in the relative abundance of different forms of transferrin potentially associated with a pathological process. Recently, the authors of this study were able to obtain and ch aracterize highly specific single-domain antibodies (nanobodies) that predominantly recognize the iron-saturated (holo-Tf) or iron-unsaturated (apo-Tf) form of transferrin. In this work, under conditions closer to physiological than in the previous experiments, we fur...
Source: Biochemistry (Moscow) - August 1, 2023 Category: Biochemistry Source Type: research
Protective Effects of Peroxiredoxin 6 in Pro-Inflammatory Response Model Using Raw 264.7 Macrophages
AbstractThe aim of the work was to study effects of peroxiredoxin 6 (PRDX6), a recombinant antioxidant protein, on the level of pro-inflammatory responses of RAW 264.7 macrophages to endotoxin exposure. Addition of LPS to the RAW 264.7 cell culture medium expectedly increased production of TNF-α, and addition of PRDX6 led to a significant (15-20%) decrease in i ts production. The level of production of another pro-inflammatory cytokine, IL-1β, which was significantly activated by endotoxin, was completely normalized under the PRDX6 action. Moreover, addition of PRDX6 reduced production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) ...
Source: Biochemistry (Moscow) - August 1, 2023 Category: Biochemistry Source Type: research
SkQ1 Improves Immune Status and Normalizes Activity of NADPH-Generating and Antioxidant Enzymes in Rats with Adjuvant-Induced Rheumatoid Arthritis
AbstractRheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a severe systemic autoimmune inflammatory disease. Oxidative stress and excessive formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by the mitochondria are considered as the central pathogenetic mechanisms of connective tissue destruction and factors responsible for a highly active inflammatory process and autoimmune response. The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of mitochondria-targeted antioxidant 10-(6 ′-plastoquinonyl)decyltriphenylphosphonium (SkQ1) on the immune status, intensity of free radical-induced oxidation, and functioning of the antioxidant system (AOS) and NADPH-gen...
Source: Biochemistry (Moscow) - August 1, 2023 Category: Biochemistry Source Type: research
Regulation of Human DNA Primase-Polymerase PrimPol
AbstractTransmission of genetic information depends on successful completion of DNA replication. Genomic DNA is subjected to damage on a daily basis. DNA lesions create obstacles for DNA polymerases and can lead to the replication blockage, formation of DNA breaks, cell cycle arrest, and apoptosis. Cells have evolutionary adapted to DNA damage by developing mechanisms allowing elimination of lesions prior to DNA replication (DNA repair) and helping to bypass lesions during DNA synthesis (DNA damage tolerance). The second group of mechanisms includes the restart of DNA synthesis at the sites of DNA damage by DNA primase-pol...
Source: Biochemistry (Moscow) - August 1, 2023 Category: Biochemistry Source Type: research
Biochemical Mechanisms of Beneficial Effects of Beta-Alanine Supplements on Cognition
AbstractUsing nutritional interventions to cure and manage psychiatric disorders is a promising tool. In this regard, accumulating documents support strong relationships between the diet and brain health throughout the lifespan. Evidence from animal and human studies demonstrated that β-alanine (Beta-alanine; BA), a natural amino acid, provides several benefits in fight against cognitive decline promoting mental health. This review summarizes and reports state-of-the-art evidence on how BA affects cognitive health and argues existence of potential unrevealed biochemical mechanis ms and signaling cascades. There is a growi...
Source: Biochemistry (Moscow) - August 1, 2023 Category: Biochemistry Source Type: research
Effect of Hippocampal Overexpression of Dopamine Neurotrophic Factor (CDNF) on Behavior of Mice with Genetic Predisposition to Depressive-Like Behavior
AbstractCerebral dopamine neurotrophic factor (CDNF) is a promising agent for Parkinson ’s disease treatment. However, its role in regulation of non-motor behavior including various psychopathologies remains unclear. In this regard, the aim of the present work was to study effect of CDNF overexpression in hippocampus on behavior of the ASC mice (Antidepressant Sensitive Cataleptics) with genetic predisposition to depressive-like behavior. CDNF overexpression in the mouse hippocampal neurons was induced using an adeno-associated viral vector. Four weeks after stereotaxic injection of the AAV-CDNF construct into the dorsal...
Source: Biochemistry (Moscow) - August 1, 2023 Category: Biochemistry Source Type: research
Long-Term Experimental Hyperglycemia Does Not Impair Macrovascular Endothelial Barrier Integrity and Function in vitro
AbstractHyperglycemia is a hallmark of type 2 diabetes implicated in vascular endothelial dysfunction and cardiovascular complications. Manyin vitro studies identified endothelial apoptosis as an early outcome of experimentally modeled hyperglycemia emphasizing cell demise as a significant factor of vascular injury. However, endothelial apoptosis has not been observedin vivo until the late stages of type 2 diabetes. Here, we studied the long-term (up to 4 weeks) effects of high glucose (HG, 30 mM) on human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC)in vitro. HG did not alter HUVEC monolayer morphology, ROS levels, ...
Source: Biochemistry (Moscow) - August 1, 2023 Category: Biochemistry Source Type: research
Complexes and Supramolecular Associates of Dodecyl-Containing Oligonucleotides with Serum Albumin
AbstractSerum albumin is currently in the focus of biomedical research as a promising platform for the creation of multicomponent self-assembling systems due to the presence of several sites with high binding affinity of various compounds in its molecule, including lipophilic oligonucleotide conjugates. In this work, we investigated the stoichiometry of the dodecyl-containing oligonucleotides binding to bovine and human serum albumins using an electrophoretic mobility shift assay. The results indicate the formation of the albumin-oligonucleotide complexes with a stoichiometry of about 1 : (1.25 ± 0.25) under physiolo...
Source: Biochemistry (Moscow) - August 1, 2023 Category: Biochemistry Source Type: research
Constitutive Androstane Receptor Agonist Initiates Metabolic Activity Required for Hepatocyte Proliferation
AbstractActivation of the constitutive androstane receptor (CAR, NR1I3) by chemical compounds induces liver hyperplasia in rodents. 1,4-Bis[2-(3,5-dichloropyridyloxy)] benzene (TCPOBOP), a mouse CAR agonist, is most often used to study chemically induced liver hyperplasia and hepatocyte proliferationin vivo. TCPOBOP is a potent murine liver chemical mitogen, which induces rapid liver hyperplasia in mice independently of liver injury. In recent years, great amount of data has been accumulated on the transcription program that characterizes the TCPOBOP-induced hepatocyte proliferation. However, there are only few data abou...
Source: Biochemistry (Moscow) - August 1, 2023 Category: Biochemistry Source Type: research
Hybrid Implants Based on Calcium-Magnesium Silicate Ceramic Diopside as a Carrier of Recombinant BMP-2 and Demineralized Bone Matrix as a Scaffold: Ectopic Osteogenesis in Intramuscular Implantation in Mice
AbstractHigh efficiency of hybrid implants based on calcium-magnesium silicate ceramic, diopside, as a carrier of recombinant BMP-2 and xenogenic demineralized bone matrix (DBM) as a scaffold for bone tissue regeneration was demonstrated previously using the model of critical size cranial defects in mice. In order to investigate the possibility of using these implants for growing autologous bone tissue usingin vivo bioreactor principle in the patient ’s own body, effectiveness of ectopic osteogenesis induced by them in intramuscular implantation in mice was studied. At the dose of 7 μg of BMP-2 per implant, dense agg...
Source: Biochemistry (Moscow) - August 1, 2023 Category: Biochemistry Source Type: research
Superoxide Anion Radical Generation in Photosynthetic Electron Transport Chain
AbstractThis review analyzes data available in the literature on the rates, characteristics, and mechanisms of oxygen reduction to a superoxide anion radical at the sites of photosynthetic electron transport chain where this reduction has been established. The existing assumptions about the role of the components of these sites in this process are critically examined using thermodynamic approaches and results of the recent studies. The process of O2 reduction at the acceptor side of PSI, which is considered the main site of this process taking place in the photosynthetic chain, is described in detail. Evolution of photosyn...
Source: Biochemistry (Moscow) - August 1, 2023 Category: Biochemistry Source Type: research
Analysis of Transferrin in the Urine of Patients with Bladder Cancer Using Nanobodies
AbstractIt is known that the saturation ratio of transferrin (Tf) with iron in human blood is an important clinical parameter. Specific antibodies can be used to analyze subtle changes in the relative abundance of different forms of transferrin potentially associated with a pathological process. Recently, the authors of this study were able to obtain and ch aracterize highly specific single-domain antibodies (nanobodies) that predominantly recognize the iron-saturated (holo-Tf) or iron-unsaturated (apo-Tf) form of transferrin. In this work, under conditions closer to physiological than in the previous experiments, we fur...
Source: Biochemistry (Moscow) - August 1, 2023 Category: Biochemistry Source Type: research
Protective Effects of Peroxiredoxin 6 in Pro-Inflammatory Response Model Using Raw 264.7 Macrophages
AbstractThe aim of the work was to study effects of peroxiredoxin 6 (PRDX6), a recombinant antioxidant protein, on the level of pro-inflammatory responses of RAW 264.7 macrophages to endotoxin exposure. Addition of LPS to the RAW 264.7 cell culture medium expectedly increased production of TNF-α, and addition of PRDX6 led to a significant (15-20%) decrease in i ts production. The level of production of another pro-inflammatory cytokine, IL-1β, which was significantly activated by endotoxin, was completely normalized under the PRDX6 action. Moreover, addition of PRDX6 reduced production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) ...
Source: Biochemistry (Moscow) - August 1, 2023 Category: Biochemistry Source Type: research
SkQ1 Improves Immune Status and Normalizes Activity of NADPH-Generating and Antioxidant Enzymes in Rats with Adjuvant-Induced Rheumatoid Arthritis
AbstractRheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a severe systemic autoimmune inflammatory disease. Oxidative stress and excessive formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by the mitochondria are considered as the central pathogenetic mechanisms of connective tissue destruction and factors responsible for a highly active inflammatory process and autoimmune response. The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of mitochondria-targeted antioxidant 10-(6 ′-plastoquinonyl)decyltriphenylphosphonium (SkQ1) on the immune status, intensity of free radical-induced oxidation, and functioning of the antioxidant system (AOS) and NADPH-gen...
Source: Biochemistry (Moscow) - August 1, 2023 Category: Biochemistry Source Type: research
