Sensors, Vol. 20, Pages 6470: Demonstration of Three-Dimensional Indoor Visible Light Positioning with Multiple Photodiodes and Reinforcement Learning

Sensors, Vol. 20, Pages 6470: Demonstration of Three-Dimensional Indoor Visible Light Positioning with Multiple Photodiodes and Reinforcement Learning Sensors doi: 10.3390/s20226470 Authors: Zhang Chen Zeng Cao Hong Chen To provide high-quality location-based services in the era of the Internet of Things, visible light positioning (VLP) is considered a promising technology for indoor positioning. In this paper, we study a multi-photodiodes (multi-PDs) three-dimensional (3D) indoor VLP system enhanced by reinforcement learning (RL), which can realize accurate positioning in the 3D space without any off-line training. The basic 3D positioning model is introduced, where without height information of the receiver, the initial height value is first estimated by exploring its relationship with the received signal strength (RSS), and then, the coordinates of the other two dimensions (i.e., X and Y in the horizontal plane) are calculated via trilateration based on the RSS. Two different RL processes, namely RL1 and RL2, are devised to form two methods that further improve horizontal and vertical positioning accuracy, respectively. A combination of RL1 and RL2 as the third proposed method enhances the overall 3D positioning accuracy. The positioning performance of the four presented 3D positioning methods, including the basic model without RL (i.e., Benchmark) and three RL based methods that run on top of the basic model, is evaluated experimentally. Experiment...
Source: Sensors - Category: Biotechnology Authors: Tags: Article Source Type: research