Freund's adjuvant, NOD2 and mycobacteria.

Freund's adjuvant, NOD2 and mycobacteria. Curr Opin Microbiol. 2014 Dec 4;23C:126-132 Authors: Behr MA, Divangahi M Abstract Purpose: Mycobacterium tuberculosis contributed to the discovery of delayed-type hypersensitivity and cell-mediated immunity. However, the biochemical basis for the immunogenicity of the mycobacterial cell wall has until recently remained unknown. Recent findings: Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing protein 2 (NOD2) responds to bacterial peptidolycan-derived muramyl dipeptide (MDP). Whereas most bacteria produce N-acetyl MDP, mycobacteria produce an unusual modified form of MDP, called N-glycolyl MDP. Disruption of N-glycolyl MDP synthesis in mycobacteria greatly diminishes the contribution of NOD2 to mycobacterial sensing. Additionally, N-glycolyl MDP is more potent and efficacious than N-acetyl MDP at inducing innate responses and T cell-mediated immunity. Summary: The sensitivity of NOD2 to the mycobacterial peptidoglycan may link the natural history of both innate and adaptive immunity to mycobacterial infection. PMID: 25483349 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Current Opinion in Microbiology - Category: Microbiology Authors: Tags: Curr Opin Microbiol Source Type: research