Comparative evaluation of intraperitoneal bupivacaine and bupivacaine ketamine combined with lung recruitment for reducing postoperative shoulder pain in laparoscopic cholecystectomy

ConclusionsWe conclude that intraperitoneal instillation of low dose ketamine to bupivacaine 0.25% in elective LC significantly reduced post-operative shoulder pain and analgesic requirement when compared to bupivacaine 0.25% alone.
Source: Egyptian Journal of Anaesthesia - Category: Anesthesiology Source Type: research