Parathyroid Hormone Independent Hypercalcemia in Adults

Parathyroid independent hypercalcemia is characterized by suppressed parathyroid hormone (PTH) in the presence of hypercalcemia.Well known causes and mechanisms are redistribution of calcium from the skeleton, by malignant diseases; inadequately increased intestinal calcium uptake mediated by increased vitamin D activity, and reduced renal elimination due to medications. Frequent and infrequent causes are discussed, and more recent mechanistic models presented in this review.Most hypercalcemic conditions are stable and in equilibrium between the different organs, whereas the utmost severe cases are characterized by rapid rising calcium levels and renal failure, resulting in a vicious circle where a disequilibrium state is developed.
Source: Best Practice and Research. Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism - Category: Endocrinology Authors: Source Type: research