Role of HIV-1 envelope glycoproteins conformation and accessory proteins on ADCC responses.

Role of HIV-1 envelope glycoproteins conformation and accessory proteins on ADCC responses. Curr HIV Res. 2015 Aug 26; Authors: Veillette M, Richard J, Pazgier M, Lewis G, Parsons MS, Finzi A Abstract The role of antibody Fc-mediated effector functions in controlling or preventing infections by human immunodeficiency type 1 (HIV-1) and simian immunodeficiency (SIV) viruses has been recently highlighted in multiple studies. One of those effector functions, antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) was suggested as correlating with decreased HIV-1 acquisition risk in the recent Thai RV144 vaccine trial. RV144-elicited antibodies with potent ADCC activity were recently found to recognize HIV envelope (Env) epitopes exposed upon Env-CD4 interaction. However, HIV-1 efficiently limits the exposure of those epitopes by strongly downregulating CD4 by both Nef and Vpu accessory proteins, as well as indirectly preventing the accumulation of Env at the cell surface by Vpu-mediated BST-2 antagonism. These accessory proteins were thus proposed to play a critical role in decreasing the susceptibility of HIV-infected cells to elimination by ADCC. In this review we will summarize these recent findings and discuss on the critical role that HIV-1 envelope glycoproteins conformation play on ADCC responses, how these responses can be measured in the laboratory, the role of HIV-1-transmission on ADCC responses and how this knowledge can be used to ...
Source: Current HIV Research - Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Tags: Curr HIV Res Source Type: research