The Role of Intracellular Signaling Molecules in Macrophage Activation by Peat Humic Acids

Humic acids isolated by sodium pyrophosphate extraction from various types of peat activate macrophages in the classical proinflammatory pathway and stimulate nitric oxide production by these cells. This effect is mediated by activation of intracellular signaling pathways involving MAPK p38, PI3K, MEK 1/2 kinase, cAMP, and NF- κB via TLR-2 and TLR-4 receptors.

Source: Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine - August 10, 2023 Category: Biology Source Type: research