Frameworks for estimating causal effects in observational settings: comparing confounder adjustment and instrumental variables

To estimate causal effects, analysts performing observational studies in health settings utilize several strategies to mitigate bias due to confounding by indication. There are two broad classes of approaches ...

Source: BMC Medical Research Methodology - May 22, 2023 Category: Research Authors: Roy S. Zawadzki, Joshua D. Grill and Daniel L. Gillen Tags: Review Source Type: research