Electrophoretic deposition of gentamicin and chitosan into titanium nanotubes to target periprosthetic joint infection

AbstractPeriprosthetic joint infection (PJI) occurs in 1% –2% of primary total hip and knee arthroplasties; the rate can reach 20% in individuals at risk. Due to the low local bioavailability of systemic antibiotics and possible off-target effects, localized drug delivery systems are of great importance. Our aim was the electrophoretic deposition (EPD) o f gentamicin and chitosan in Titanium (Ti) nanotubes to establish a local, prolonged antibiotic delivery. Nanotubes were created on Ti wire with a two-step anodization process. For drug deposition, EPD and the air-dry methods were compared. For a prolonged drug release, gentamicin and crosslinked ch itosan were deposited in a two-step EPD process. Drug release was quantified by fractional volume sampling. The Ti wires were tested againstStaphylococcus aureus by agar dilution and liquid culture methods. MC3T3-E1 osteoblastic cell viability was determined with trypan blue. Nanotubes were characterized by a 100  nm diameter and 7 μm length. EPD allowed a higher amount of gentamicin deposited than the air-dry method. Drug deposition was controllable by adjusting the voltage and duration of the EPD process. The crosslinked chitosan layer allowed diffusion-driven release kinetics for up to 3 days. Gent amicin-loaded Ti wires significantly inhibited bacterial growth and resulted in a larger inhibition zone compared to unloaded wires. Twenty-four hours of incubation with loaded wires did not have a significant effect on oste...
Source: Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part B: Applied Biomaterials - Category: Materials Science Authors: Tags: RESEARCH ARTICLE Source Type: research