Saving the Exposed Deep Brain Stimulation Implant: A Comprehensive Review of Implant Extrusion and Reconstructive Options

Conclusions Hardware extrusion is a significant complication of DBS-related surgery. Management of extrusion at the scalp should involve the use of tension-free, well-vascularized locoregional flaps as opposed to primary closure. Implantable pulse generator extrusions at the chest can be managed with both primary closure and repositioning in a new surgical bed. Extruded DBS implants may be salvaged with appropriate reconstructive considerations, and the authors suggest an evidence-based treatment algorithm.
Source: Annals of Plastic Surgery - Category: Cosmetic Surgery Tags: Head and Neck Surgery Source Type: research