Pharmacokinetics of Gentamicin Components C1, C1a, and C2/C2a/C2b and Subsequent Decline in Glomerular Filtration Rate in Neonates

AbstractGentamicin is a commonly used antibiotic in neonates. Its components C1, C1a, C2, C2a, and C2b may have different nephrotoxic potential. We aimed to describe pharmacokinetics and nephrotoxic potential of gentamicin components in a joint model in neonates. Neonates with gestational age  ≥ 32 weeks treated with gentamicin blood samples were collected at a steady state. Pharmacokinetics of C1, C1a, and C2/C2a/C2b were modelled in NONMEM and included competitive uptake into kidney proximal tubular cells and decrease in glomerular filtration rate. The nephrotoxic potential of t otal gentamicin, C1, C1a, and C2/C2a/C2b was evaluated by simulations. A total of 30 neonates (median (range) gestational age 36.4 (32–42) weeks, postnatal age 3 (1–5) days, creatinine value 47.5 (17–78) µmol/L) were included. Pharmacokinetics of all components was best described by a two-com partment model. Clearance of C1 was smaller than clearances of C1a and C2/C2a/C2b, and other parameters were similar. The model with differentKm (concentration for which half-maximal uptake into kidney proximal tubular cells is achieved) for C1, C1a, and C2/C2a/C2b (37.5, 18, 15  mg/L) provided a better fit than the model with equalKm (15  mg/L). According to simulations, decrease in glomerular filtration rate in the case of once-daily dosing of 4 mg/kg/day was the largest for C2/C2a/C2b (median (5th and 95th percentile) 0.22% (0.00–8.12%)), followed by total gentamicin (0.20% (0.00–4.10%))...
Source: The AAPS Journal - Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research