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p5 Peptide-Loaded Human Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Promote Neurological Recovery After Focal Cerebral Ischemia in a Rat Model
In conclusion, administration of hADMSC-loaded p5 peptide to post-stroke rats created conditions that supported survival of drug-loaded hADMSCs after cerebral ischemia, suggesting its therapeutic potential in patients with stroke.
Source: Translational Stroke Research - May 5, 2020 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Extracellular Vesicles Derived from Neural Progenitor Cells ––a Preclinical Evaluation for Stroke Treatment in Mice
AbstractStem cells such as mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) enhance neurological recovery in preclinical stroke models by secreting extracellular vesicles (EVs). Since previous reports have focused on the application of MSC-EVs only, the role of the most suitable host cell for EV enrichment and preclinical stroke treatment remains elusive. The present study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic potential of EVs derived from neural progenitor cells (NPCs) following experimental stroke. Using the PEG technique, EVs were enriched and characterized by electron microscopy, proteomics, rt-PCR, nanosight tracking analysis, and Western b...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - May 1, 2020 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Cerebral Organoids Repair Ischemic Stroke Brain Injury
AbstractStroke is the second leading cause of death and main cause of disability worldwide, but with few effective therapies. Although stem cell-based therapy has been proposed as an exciting regenerative medicine strategy for brain injury, there are limitations. The developed cerebral organoids (COs) represent a promising transplantation source for stroke that remains to be answered. Here, we transplanted COs at 55  days and explored the feasibility in the rat middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model of stroke. COs transplantation at 6 h or even 24 h after MCAO significantly reduces brain infarct volume and improv...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - December 29, 2019 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Neural Stem Cell Extracellular Vesicles Disrupt Midline Shift Predictive Outcomes in Porcine Ischemic Stroke Model
This study investigated the utility of MRI as a predictive measure of clinical and functional outcomes when a stroke intervention is withheld or provided, in order to identify biomarkers for stroke functional outcome under these conditions. Fifteen MRI and ninety functional parameters were measured in a middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) porcine ischemic stroke model. Multiparametric analysis of correlations between MRI measurements and functional outcome was conducted. Acute axial and coronal midline shift (MLS) at 24 h post-stroke were associated with decreased survival and recovery measured by modified Rankin scale...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - December 5, 2019 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

From the Lab to Patients: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapy for Stroke
AbstractThere may be the potential to improve stroke recovery with mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs); however, questions about the efficacy and safety of this treatment remain. To address these issues and inform future studies, we performed a preclinical and clinical systematic review of MSC therapy for subacute and chronic ischemic stroke. MEDLINE, Embase, the Cochrane Register of Controlled Trials, and PubMed were searched. For the clinical review, interventional and observational studies of MSC therapy in ischemic stroke patients were included. For the preclinical review, interventional studies of MSC therapy  usingin vivo...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - October 24, 2019 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Adult Neurogenesis in the Subventricular Zone and Its Regulation After Ischemic Stroke: Implications for Therapeutic Approaches
AbstractAdult neurogenesis in the subventricular zone is a topic of intense research, since it has vast implications for the fundamental understanding of the neurobiology of the brain and its potential to being harnessed for therapy in various neurological disorders. Investigation of adult neurogenesis has been complicated by the difficulties with characterization of neural stem cells in vivo. However, recent single-cell transcriptomic studies provide more detailed information on marker expression in neural stem cells and their neuronal lineage, which hopefully will result in a more unified discussion. Regulation of the mu...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - July 14, 2019 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Application of Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles for Stroke: Biodistribution and MicroRNA Study
In this study, we investigated the biodistribution, therapeutic efficacy, and mode of action of MSC-EVs in a rat stroke model. MSC-EVs successfully stimulated neurogenesis and angiogenesis in vivo. When compared to the MSC-treated group, rats treated with MSC-EVs exhibited greater behavioral improvements than the control group (p <  0.05). Our biodistribution study using fluorescence-labeled MSC-EVs and MSCs demonstrated that the amounts of MSC-EVs in the infarcted hemisphere increased in a dose-dependent manner, and were rarely found in the lung and liver. In addition, MSC-EVs were highly inclusive of various prote...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - October 19, 2018 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Human Neural Stem Cell Extracellular Vesicles Improve Tissue and Functional Recovery in the Murine Thromboembolic Stroke Model
AbstractOver 700 drugs have failed in stroke clinical trials, an unprecedented rate thought to be attributed in part to limited and isolated testing often solely in “young” rodent models and focusing on a single secondary injury mechanism. Here, extracellular vesicles (EVs), nanometer-sized cell signaling particles, were tested in a mouse thromboembolic (TE) stroke model. Neural stem cell (NSC) and mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) EVs derived from the same pluri potent stem cell (PSC) line were evaluated for changes in infarct volume as well as sensorimotor function. NSC EVs improved cellular, tissue, and functional outcome...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - October 1, 2018 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Hydrogel Scaffolds: Towards Restitution of Ischemic Stroke-Injured Brain
AbstractChronic brain injury following cerebral ischemia is a severe debilitating neurological condition, where clinical intervention is well known to decrease morbidity and mortality. Despite the development of several therapeutic strategies, clinical outcome in the majority of patients could be better improved, since many still face life-long neurological deficits. Among the several strategic options that are currently being pursued, tissue engineering provides much promise for neural tissue salvage and regeneration in brain ischemia. Specifically, hydrogel biomaterials have been utilized to docket biomolecules, adhesion...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - August 27, 2018 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Role of Exosomes as a Treatment and Potential Biomarker for Stroke
AbstractApproximately, 16 million strokes occur worldwide each year, causing 6 million deaths and considerable disability, implying an enormous social, individual health, and economic burden. Due to this high incidence, strategies to promote stroke recovery are urgently needed. Research into new therapeutic approaches for stroke has determined that intravenous administration of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is a good strategy to improve recovery by amplifying mechanisms implicated in brain plasticity. Recent studies have demonstrated the efficacy of MSCs in stroke, with no need for them to reach the area of brain injury. A...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - August 13, 2018 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Stroke: Implications of Stem Cell Therapy
AbstractStroke is a debilitating condition which is also the second leading cause of death and disability worldwide. Despite the benefits and promises shown by numerous neuroprotective agents in animal stroke models, their clinical translation has not been a complete success. Hence, search for treatment options have directed researchers towards utilising stem cells. Mitochondria has a major involvement in the pathophysiology of stroke and a number of other conditions. Stem cells have shown the ability to transfer mitochondria to the damaged cells and to help revive cell energetics in the recipient cell. The present review ...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - June 20, 2018 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Human Neural Stem Cell Extracellular Vesicles Improve Tissue and Functional Recovery in the Murine Thromboembolic Stroke Model
AbstractOver 700 drugs have failed in stroke clinical trials, an unprecedented rate thought to be attributed in part to limited and isolated testing often solely in “young” rodent models and focusing on a single secondary injury mechanism. Here, extracellular vesicles (EVs), nanometer-sized cell signaling particles, were tested in a mouse thromboembolic (TE) stroke model. Neural stem cell (NSC) and mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) EVs derived from the same pluri potent stem cell (PSC) line were evaluated for changes in infarct volume as well as sensorimotor function. NSC EVs improved cellular, tissue, and functional outcome...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - December 28, 2017 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Correction to: Treatment with the PPAR γ Agonist Pioglitazone in the Early Post-ischemia Phase Inhibits Pro-inflammatory Responses and Promotes Neurogenesis Via the Activation of Innate- and Bone Marrow-Derived Stem Cells in Rats
AbstractIn the original publication of the article, the second author (Keiko T. Kitazato) was missing.
Source: Translational Stroke Research - November 26, 2017 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Cell Therapy in Stroke —Cautious Steps Towards a Clinical Treatment
AbstractIn the future, stroke patients may receive stem cell therapy as this has the potential to restore lost functions. However, the development of clinically deliverable therapy has been slower and more challenging than expected. Despite recommendations by STAIR and STEPS consortiums, there remain flaws in experimental studies such as lack of animals with comorbidities, inconsistent approaches to experimental design, and concurrent rehabilitation that might lead to a bias towards positive results. Clinical studies have typically been small, lacking control groups as well as often without clear biological hypotheses to g...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - November 17, 2017 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Treatment with the PPAR γ Agonist Pioglitazone in the Early Post-ischemia Phase Inhibits Pro-inflammatory Responses and Promotes Neurogenesis Via the Activation of Innate- and Bone Marrow-Derived Stem Cells in Rats
AbstractNeurogenesis is essential for a good post-stroke outcome. Exogenous stem cells are currently being tested to promote neurogenesis after stroke. Elsewhere, we demonstrated that treatment with the PPAR γ agonist pioglitazone (PGZ) before cerebral ischemia induction reduced brain damage and activated survival-related genes in ovariectomized (OVX) rats. Here, we tested our hypothesis that post-ischemia treatment with PGZ inhibits brain damage and contributes to neurogenesis via activated stem cells . Bone marrow (BM) cells of 7-week-old Wistar female rats were replaced with BM cells from green fluorescent protein-tran...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - November 6, 2017 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

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