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Exposome and unhealthy aging: environmental drivers from air pollution to occupational exposures
In conclusion, environmental factors play a critical role in modulating cardiovascular and brain aging. A deeper understanding of how environmental toxicants exacerbate aging processes and contribute to the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases, VCI, and dementia is crucial for the development of preventive strategies and interventions to promote cardiovascular, cerebrovascular, and brain health. By mitigating exposure to harmful environmental factors and promoting healthy aging, we can strive to reduce the burden of age-related cardiovascular and brain pathologies in the aging population.
Source: AGE - September 9, 2023 Category: Geriatrics Source Type: research

Impact of influenza, herpes zoster, and pneumococcal vaccinations on the incidence of cardiovascular events in subjects aged over 65  years: a systematic review
AbstractThis systematic review aims to summarize the impact of vaccination against influenza, shingles, and pneumococcus on the incidence on the risk of cardiovascular events in the elderly. This protocol was developed in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. We conducted a literature search and identified all relevant articles published regarding the matter up to September 2022. We retrieved 38 studies (influenza vaccine  = 33, pneumococcal vaccine = 5, and zoster vaccine = 2). A total of 28 and 2 studies have shown that influenza and pneumococcal vaccines significantly lower the risk of cardiovascular disease ...
Source: AGE - June 3, 2023 Category: Geriatrics Source Type: research

Safety outcomes of direct oral anticoagulants in older adults with atrial fibrillation: a systematic review and meta-analysis of (subgroup analyses from) randomized controlled trials
AbstractBalancing stroke prevention and risk of bleeding in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) is challenging. Direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) are by now considered standard of care for treating patients with AF in international guidelines. Our objective was to assess the safety of long-term intake of DOACs in older adults with AF. We included RCTs in elderly ( ≥ 65 years) patients with AF. A systematic search in MEDLINE and EMBASE was performed on 19 April 2022. For determination of risk of bias, the RoB 2 tool was applied. We pooled outcomes using random-effects meta-analyses. The quality of evidence was as...
Source: AGE - June 1, 2023 Category: Geriatrics Source Type: research

Coronary and carotid artery dysfunction and KV7 overexpression in a mouse model of Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome
AbstractHutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS) is an extremely rare genetic disease caused by expression of progerin, a lamin A variant that is also expressed at low levels in non-HGPS individuals. Although HGPS patients die predominantly from myocardial infarction and stroke, the mechanisms that provoke pathological alterations in the coronary and cerebral arteries in HGPS remain ill defined. Here, we assessed vascular function in the coronary arteries (CorAs) and carotid arteries (CarAs) of progerin-expressingLmnaG609G/G609G mice (G609G), both in resting conditions and after hypoxic stimulus. Wire myography, pharmac...
Source: AGE - May 26, 2023 Category: Geriatrics Source Type: research

Carotid disease, cognition, and aging: time to redefine asymptomatic disease?
AbstractThere is an increasing appreciation of the vascular contributions in the development of age-related cognitive impairment and dementia1,2. Identifying risk and maintaining cognitive health for successful aging is ever relevant in our aging population. Carotid disease, a well-established risk factor for stroke and often a harbinger of other vascular disease states, is also emerging as another vascular risk factor for age-related cognitive decline. When combined with vascular risk factors, the incidence of age-related carotid disease can be as high as 70%3,4. Historically, carotid disease has been dichotomized into tw...
Source: AGE - November 15, 2022 Category: Geriatrics Source Type: research

The association of measures of body shape and adiposity with incidence of cardiometabolic disease from an ageing perspective
AbstractWhile obesity increases the risk of developing cardiometabolic diseases (CMDs), these associations seem to attenuate with increasing age, albeit studied poorly. The present study aimed to investigate the associations between adiposity and CMDs in sex-specific groups of chronological age and leukocyte telomere length (LTL) as a measure of biological age. We investigated the associations between BMI, a body shape index, waist-to-hip ratio (adjusted for BMI) and total body fat, and incident coronary artery disease (CAD), type 2 diabetes (T2D) and ischemic stroke (IS) in 413,017 European-ancestry participants of the UK...
Source: AGE - September 21, 2022 Category: Geriatrics Source Type: research

Stringent public health measures during COVID-19 across ischemic stroke care systems: the potential impact of patient perceptions on health care-seeking behaviors
AbstractDecreases in acute stroke presentations have been reported during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic surges. A recent study by Bojti et al. (GeroScience. 2021;43:2231 –2248) sought to understand the relationship of public health mandates in Hungary as they were implemented with acute ischemic stroke admissions and interventions during two separate COVID-19 waves. We sought to perform a similar analysis of changes in ischemic stroke care at two distinct medical institutions in the USA. Two separate institutions and systems of ischemic stroke care were evaluated through a regional comprehensive stroke...
Source: AGE - April 25, 2022 Category: Geriatrics Source Type: research

Imaging subtle leaks in the blood –brain barrier in the aging human brain: potential pitfalls, challenges, and possible solutions
AbstractRecent studies using dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) with gadolinium-based contrast agents (GBCA) have demonstrated subtle blood –brain barrier (BBB) leaks in the human brain during normal aging, in individuals with age-related cognitive dysfunction, genetic risk for Alzheimer’s disease (AD), mild cognitive impairment, early AD, cerebral small vessel disease (SVD), and other neurodegenerative disorders. In these neurologi cal conditions, the BBB leaks, quantified by the unidirectional BBB GBCA tracer’s constantKtrans maps, are typically orders of magnitude lower than in brain tu...
Source: AGE - April 25, 2022 Category: Geriatrics Source Type: research

Cannabinoid receptor 2 activation alleviates diabetes-induced cardiac dysfunction, inflammation, oxidative stress, and fibrosis
In this study, we explored the role of CB2R signaling in myocardial dysfunction, oxidative/nitrative stress, inflammation, cell death, remodeling, and fibrosis associated with diabetic cardiomyopathy in type 1 diabetic mice. Control human heart left ventricles and atrial appendages, similarly to mouse hearts, had negligible CB2R expression determine by RNA sequencing or real-time RT-PCR. Diabetic cardiomyopathy was characterized by impaired diastolic and systolic cardiac function, enhanced myocardial CB2R expression, oxidative/nitrative stress, and pro-inflammatory response (tumor necrosis factor- α, interleukin-1β, intr...
Source: AGE - April 22, 2022 Category: Geriatrics Source Type: research

SARS-CoV-2 interacts with renin-angiotensin system: impact on the central nervous system in elderly patients
AbstractSARS-CoV-2 is a recently identified coronavirus that causes the current pandemic disease known as COVID-19. SARS-CoV-2 uses angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) as a receptor, suggesting that the initial steps of SARS-CoV-2 infection may have an impact on the renin-angiotensin system (RAS). Several processes are influenced by RAS in the brain. The neurological symptoms observed in COVID-19 patients, including reduced olfaction, meningitis, ischemic stroke, cerebral thrombosis, and delirium, could be associated with RAS imbalance. In this review, we focus on the potential role of disturbances in the RAS as a cause...
Source: AGE - February 14, 2022 Category: Geriatrics Source Type: research

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