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Elucidating the relationships between two automated handwriting feature quantification systems for multiple pairwise comparisons
J Forensic Sci. 2021 Oct 11. doi: 10.1111/1556-4029.14914. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTRecent advances in complex automated handwriting identification systems have led to a lack of understandability of these systems' computational processes and features by the forensic handwriting examiners that they are designed to support. To mitigate this issue, this research studied the relationship between two systems: FLASH ID® , an automated handwriting/black box system that uses measurements extracted from a static image of handwriting, and MovAlyzeR® , a system that captures kinematic features from pen strokes. For this study,...
Source: Journal of Forensic Sciences - October 11, 2021 Category: Forensic Medicine Authors: Cami Fuglsby Christopher Saunders Danica M Ommen JoAnn Buscaglia Michael P Caligiuri Source Type: research

An assessment of the reliability of cut surface characteristics to distinguish between hand-powered reciprocating saw blades in cases of experimental dismemberment.
Abstract Criminal dismemberment is most commonly committed with a variety of hand-powered saws. These saws leave characteristic marks upon the bone that can assist in the identification of the weapon utilized. The current study provides frequencies of presentation of ten cut surface characteristics and examines intra- and interindividual variation between three hand-powered reciprocating saws. Pig radii were used as a proxy for human remains. 42 cut surfaces were created with three hand-powered reciprocating saws by the same researcher. Cut surface characteristics were assessed macroscopically, microscopically and...
Source: Journal of Forensic Sciences - November 23, 2020 Category: Forensic Medicine Authors: Martlin B, Rando C Tags: J Forensic Sci Source Type: research

Psychostimulant Use and Fatal Stroke in Young Adults.
Abstract Psychostimulant use is associated with increased stroke risk. To determine the proportion of psychostimulant users among fatal strokes in young adults (15-44 years), all cases were retrieved from the National Coronial Information System (1/1/2009-31/12/2016). A total of 279 cases were identified: hemorrhagic (259), ischemic (8), thrombotic (8), and mycotic (4). Fifty (17.9%) were identified as psychostimulant users. Psychostimulants in blood were detected in 37/45 where toxicology was available, predominantly methamphetamine (32/45). Hemorrhagic strokes in the psychostimulant group were more likely to be...
Source: Journal of Forensic Sciences - April 1, 2019 Category: Forensic Medicine Authors: Darke S, Duflou J, Kaye S, Farrell M, Lappin J Tags: J Forensic Sci Source Type: research

Sudden Death Due to Primary Intraventricular Hemorrhage: Report of Two Cases.
We reported these cases to broaden our understanding of sudden death associated with PIVH, especially when caused by brain arteriovenous malformation. We also summarized the essential details of the diagnoses and available technical methods for PIVH cases. PMID: 30791098 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Journal of Forensic Sciences - February 21, 2019 Category: Forensic Medicine Authors: Duan Y, Luan H, Yang Y, Li W, Zhang L, Liu Q, Zhou Y Tags: J Forensic Sci Source Type: research

Unexpected Human Fatality Associated with Bed Bug (Hemiptera: Cimicidae) Heat Treatment.
Abstract Thermal insect treatments can be an effective method of controlling cryptic insect pests, particularly bed bugs, in residential settings. The treatments require high heat over a sustained timeframe. Residents are not present during treatment but return after completion. An unexpected death was investigated following heat treatment for bed bugs in the home of an elderly female, found with a postmortem axillary temperature of 106.2°F (41.2°C) approximately 8 h after returning home. The cause of death was classified as hyperthermia with a contributory cause of hypertensive cardiovascular disease. The manne...
Source: Journal of Forensic Sciences - August 6, 2018 Category: Forensic Medicine Authors: Sanford MR, Torres M, Ross J Tags: J Forensic Sci Source Type: research

Effects of Human Electro-Muscular Incapacitation (HEMI) Devices on Cardiovascular Changes in Anesthetized Swine as Measured by Transesophageal Echocardiography (TEE).
Abstract The abundance of, and reliance upon, human electro-muscular incapacitation (HEMI) devices, especially in law enforcement, has generated scrutiny and examination of these technologies. The purpose of this study was to examine cardiovascular effects resulting from typical (5 sec) and longer activation (20 sec) HEMI applications studying myocardial function and peripheral vascular system using a combination of invasive cardiovascular catheters and transesophageal echocardiography (TEE). Six healthy swine (Sus scrofa) 3-5 months in age and weighing between 60 and 86 kg were anesthetized and exposed to the TAS...
Source: Journal of Forensic Sciences - May 14, 2018 Category: Forensic Medicine Authors: Werner JR, Murray WB, Kennett MJ, Jenkins DM, Liszka E, Hughes EL Tags: J Forensic Sci Source Type: research

Clinical Characteristics of Fatal Methamphetamine-related Stroke: A National Study.
Abstract The study aimed to determine the clinical characteristics of fatal methamphetamine-related stroke in Australia, 2009-2015. There were 38 cases, 60.5% male, with a mean age of 40.3 years. In no case was there evidence that this was the first time methamphetamine had been used by the decedent, and 52.6% had known histories of injecting drug use. The stroke was hemorrhagic in 37 of 38 cases. In 21.1% of cases, the stroke was purely parenchymal and, in 18.4%, involved purely the subarachnoid space. A ruptured berry aneurysm was present in 31.6% and in 68.8% of initial subarachnoid hemorrhages. There was evide...
Source: Journal of Forensic Sciences - August 17, 2017 Category: Forensic Medicine Authors: Darke S, Lappin J, Kaye S, Duflou J Tags: J Forensic Sci Source Type: research

Fatal Folic Acid Toxicity in Humans.
Abstract Folic acid is B-9 vitamin. Folic acid is prescribed commonly for pregnant women to prevent neural tube defects in the fetus, patients under chemotherapy, pernicious anemia and to reduce the risk of stroke and cardiovascular disease. Acute or chronic ingestion of a large dose of folic acid generally manifests as neurological complications, which are reversible. In this present case, a 23-year-old pregnant woman committed suicide by consuming folic acid tablets and succumbed to death within 36 h. Postmortem toxicological analysis detected folic acid in viscera. Death following acute consumption of folic aci...
Source: Journal of Forensic Sciences - March 5, 2017 Category: Forensic Medicine Authors: Devnath GP, Kumaran S, Rajiv R, Shaha KK, Nagaraj A Tags: J Forensic Sci Source Type: research

Examination of the Sequence between Laser Printing and Rollerball Pen Writing Without an Intersecting Stroke.
Abstract Examining the sequences of printing and writing is a significant method of determining the authenticity and validity of documents. Forensic document examiners have extensively studied crossing lines, which has produced useful information. However, the sequence for laser printing and rollerball pen writing without crossing strokes has not been studied. To solve this problem, volunteers were invited to write characters on A4 paper with different rollerball pens using two sequences. Four laser printers applied print to these sheets, and the materials were examined using an Optem A-Zoom2 video tomography micr...
Source: Journal of Forensic Sciences - August 24, 2015 Category: Forensic Medicine Authors: Wang S, Lu C, Wang G Tags: J Forensic Sci Source Type: research

Contribution of Antemortem Computed Tomography Findings to Cause of Death Determination: An Unusual Fatal Stroke.
Abstract In the case reported here, the antemortem computed tomography scan (CT scan) was essential in the forensic investigation. A 32-year-old man was found fully awake with a facial abrasion, after what seemed to be a car accident. He lost consciousness suddenly one hour after initial management. Successive CT scan showed a facial fracture and a metallic foreign body in the carotid canal associated with an occlusion/dissection of the left internal carotid, a pseudoaneurysm, and a carotid-cavernous fistula. The victim died from a stroke. Autopsy confirmed that the facial abrasion was a gunshot entrance wound, th...
Source: Journal of Forensic Sciences - March 17, 2015 Category: Forensic Medicine Authors: Rérolle C, Pucheux J, Lefrancq T, Barrault C, Saint-Martin P Tags: J Forensic Sci Source Type: research

Dynamic Characteristics of Signatures: Effects of Writer Style on Genuine and Simulated Signatures.
Abstract The aims of this study were to determine if computer-measured dynamic features (duration, size, velocity, jerk, and pen pressure) differ between genuine and simulated signatures. Sixty subjects (3 equal groups of 3 signature styles) each provided 10 naturally written (genuine) signatures. Each of these subjects then provided 15 simulations of each of three model signatures. The genuine (N = 600) and simulated (N = 2700) signatures were collected using a digitizing tablet. MovAlyzeR(®) software was used to estimate kinematic parameters for each pen stroke. Stroke duration, velocity, and pen pressure w...
Source: Journal of Forensic Sciences - November 24, 2014 Category: Forensic Medicine Authors: Mohammed L, Found B, Caligiuri M, Rogers D Tags: J Forensic Sci Source Type: research

Cervical Arterial Injury After Strangulation-Different Types of Arterial Lesions.
We report three unusual cases where strangulation induced immediate stroke. CAI were examined using brain CT scan and Doppler ultrasonography in the three cases and then by autopsy in one of the victims. One of the two victims who survived the attempted strangulation had a unilateral carotid dissection, whereas in the other victim, no arterial dissection or thrombosis was observed. As regards the deceased victim, the autopsy confirmed the bilateral dissection showed on CT scan and Doppler ultrasonic examination and revealed that both carotid arteries were dilated up to two times the normal diameter. Microscopic examination...
Source: Journal of Forensic Sciences - July 18, 2013 Category: Forensic Medicine Authors: Le Blanc-Louvry I, Papin F, Vaz E, Proust B Tags: J Forensic Sci Source Type: research