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Walking speed, hip muscles strength, aerobic capacity, and self-perceived locomotion ability most explain walking confidence after stroke: a cross-sectional experimental study
Identifying the determinants of walking confidence can be crucial in therapeutic terms. On these bases, interventions to improve these factors could improve, in turn, walking confidence. Objective is to explore the relationship between motor impairments and activity limitation measures and walking confidence in people with chronic stroke. Walking confidence was assessed using the modified Gait Efficacy Scale. The independent variables were: strength of the hip flexors and knee flexors/extensors (measured with a dynamometer), lower limb coordination (assessed by the Lower Extremity Motor Coordination Test), dynamic balance ...
Source: International Journal of Rehabilitation Research - November 3, 2022 Category: Rehabilitation Tags: Original articles Source Type: research

Cognitive impairment predicts engagement in inpatient stroke rehabilitation
Patient engagement during inpatient rehabilitation is an important component of rehabilitation therapy, as lower levels of engagement are associated with poorer outcomes. Cognitive deficits may impact patient engagement during inpatient stroke rehabilitation. Here, we assess whether patient performance on the cognitive tasks of the 30-min National Institute of Neurologic Disorders and Stroke – Canadian Stroke Network (NINDS-CSN) screening battery predicts engagement in inpatient stroke rehabilitation. Prospective data from 110 participants completing inpatient stroke rehabilitation at an academic medical center were util...
Source: International Journal of Rehabilitation Research - November 3, 2022 Category: Rehabilitation Tags: Original articles Source Type: research

The effect of a home-based coaching program on heart rate variability in subacute stroke patients: a randomized controlled trial
Autonomic imbalance in stroke is characterized by increased sympathetic activity and reduced vagal nerve activity. Physical activity could be a strategy to counteract autonomic control impairments after a stroke. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect on heart rate variability of a 6-month coaching program in a home setting in subacute stroke patients. Eighty-four stroke patients participated in the study. They were randomly assigned to the experimental group or the control group. The intervention was a coaching program, consisting of physical activity, home visits and a weekly phone call. Patients were evaluated ...
Source: International Journal of Rehabilitation Research - August 11, 2022 Category: Rehabilitation Tags: Original articles Source Type: research

Constraint-induced movement therapy for lower extremity use in activities of daily living in people with chronic hemiparesis: multiple case study
Lower extremity constraint-induced movement therapy (LE-CIMT) is an intensive intervention protocol recently reported to improve lower extremity use in individuals with chronic hemiparesis. To test if the LE-CIMT that uses essential CIMT components, including the transfer package and intensive task-oriented training, is a feasible and potentially effective intervention to improve the lower extremity real-world use and functional ability in a group of individuals with chronic hemiparesis. A quasi-experimental pre- and post-test design study with 12 individuals with chronic stroke and impaired ambulation skills engaged in a ...
Source: International Journal of Rehabilitation Research - August 11, 2022 Category: Rehabilitation Tags: Original articles Source Type: research

Effect of vagus nerve stimulation paired with rehabilitation for upper limb function improvement after stroke: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) could potentially facilitate arm function recovery after stroke. The aim of this review was to evaluate the effect of VNS paired with rehabilitation on upper limb function recovery after stroke. We considered randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that used VNS paired with rehabilitation for the improvement of upper limb function after stroke and were published in English. Eligible RCTs were identified by searching electronic databases, including MEDLINE, Web of Science, Embase, CENTRAL and PEDro, from their inception until June 2021. Quality of included studies was assessed using PEDro score and...
Source: International Journal of Rehabilitation Research - May 15, 2022 Category: Rehabilitation Tags: Review Articles Source Type: research

Effectiveness of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on poststroke dysphagia: a meta-analysis of randomized-controlled trials
Dysphagia is a common functional impairment after stroke, resulting in aspiration of liquids, ingested foods, or oral secretions and influencing the quality of life. Noninvasive repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation has been widely used for rehabilitation of dysphagia. The purpose of this meta-analysis was to investigate the efficacy of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on poststroke swallowing impairment. Four databases were systematically searched for eligible studies from their inception to 31 September 2021. Review Manager 5.4 software was used for this meta-analysis. The bias of included randomized c...
Source: International Journal of Rehabilitation Research - May 15, 2022 Category: Rehabilitation Tags: Review Articles Source Type: research

Assessment of changes in muscle mass, strength, and quality and activities of daily living in elderly stroke patients
This study included 179 patients. Patients received stroke rehabilitation 7 days a week individually. Muscle strength and quality significantly increased after 4 weeks on both the sides. Muscle mass decreased after 4 weeks; however, there was no significant difference between the two time points. Changes in muscle strength and quality showed a significant correlation with improvement in ADLs [r = 0.66 (male), 0.45 (female) and 0.55 (male), 0.31 (female), respectively]; however, muscle mass showed no correlation with improvement in ADLs. Poststroke rehabilitation improves muscle strength and quality, as well as ADLs. Muscle...
Source: International Journal of Rehabilitation Research - May 15, 2022 Category: Rehabilitation Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research

Is robot-assisted gait training intensity a determinant of functional recovery early after stroke? A pragmatic observational study of clinical care
Gait rehabilitation is a critical factor in functional recovery after a stroke. The aim of this pragmatic observational study was to identify the optimal dose and timing of robot-assisted gait training (RAGT) that can lead to a favourable outcome in a sample of subacute stroke survivors. Subacute patients with stroke who underwent a RAGT within a multidisciplinary rehabilitation program were enrolled. A set of clinical (i.e. age, type of stroke and time since stroke) and rehabilitation stay outcomes (length of stay and RAGT number of sessions) were recorded to evaluate their impact on functional outcome measures by functio...
Source: International Journal of Rehabilitation Research - May 15, 2022 Category: Rehabilitation Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research

Effects of sling exercise therapy on post-stroke walking impairment: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Walking impairment is a common consequence of stroke, resulting in long-term disability. Trunk muscle strength has been proven to be associated with post-stroke walking performance. As a type of trunk training, sling exercise therapy (SET) has been widely used to improve the trunk function in stroke patients. The purpose of this systematic review was to investigate the efficacy of SET on post-stroke walking impairment. Seven databases were systematically searched for eligible studies from their inception to 1 August 2021. Review Manager 5.3 software was used for this meta-analysis. The overall quality of included studies w...
Source: International Journal of Rehabilitation Research - February 10, 2022 Category: Rehabilitation Tags: Review articles Source Type: research

Validity of the Controlling Nutritional Status score as a Nutritional Assessment Tool early after stroke
This study investigated the prognostic role of malnutrition, as assessed by the CONUT scoring system. We hypothesized that malnutrition negatively affects outcomes as expressed by Functional Independence Measure (FIM) motor or Berg Balance Scale (BBS) change in stroke patients. This was a retrospective cohort study involving 117 individuals including first-time subacute stroke inpatients from March 2017 to February 2020. All participants were evaluated with BBS and FIM. We used multiple linear regression analysis with backward stepwise selection to examine the association between CONUT and changes during rehabilitation. Af...
Source: International Journal of Rehabilitation Research - February 10, 2022 Category: Rehabilitation Tags: Original articles Source Type: research

Perturbation-based training enhances anticipatory postural control in individuals with chronic stroke: a pilot study
Individuals with stroke commonly have impaired balance control. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of targeted intervention on anticipatory postural adjustments (APAs) and postural control in people with stroke. Six participants with unilateral hemiparesis due to a stroke (5.0–8.4 years post stroke) participated in a two-phase random crossover study. The participants received in counterbalanced order (a) 2 weeks of experimental, targeted intervention (pushing a medicine ball attached to the ceiling using their unaffected upper extremity) and (b) 2 weeks of control, self-guided general mobility exercise p...
Source: International Journal of Rehabilitation Research - February 10, 2022 Category: Rehabilitation Tags: Original articles Source Type: research

Inter-rater reliability of the Australian Spasticity Assessment Scale in poststroke spasticity
To investigate the inter-rater reliability of the Australian Spasticity Assessment Scale (ASAS) in adult stroke patients with spasticity, two experienced clinicians rated the elbow flexor, wrist flexor, and ankle plantar flexor spasticity by using the ASAS in 85 persons with stroke. Unweighted and weighted (linear and quadratic) kappa statistics were used to calculate the inter-rater reliability for each muscle group. Unweighted kappa coefficients for elbow flexors (n = 83), wrist flexors (n = 80), and ankle plantar flexors (n = 77) were 0.67, 0.60, and 0.55, respectively. Linear and quadratic weighted kappa coefficients, ...
Source: International Journal of Rehabilitation Research - February 10, 2022 Category: Rehabilitation Tags: Original articles Source Type: research

Young individuals with stroke in rehabilitation: a cohort study
Stroke in younger populations is a public health crisis and the prevalence is rising. Little is known about the progress of younger individuals with stroke in rehabilitation. Characterization of the course and speed of recovery is needed so that rehabilitation professionals can set goals and make decisions. This was a cohort study with data extracted from electronic medical records. Participants were 408 individuals diagnosed with stroke who participated in inpatient rehabilitation in an urban, academic medical center in the USA. The main predictor was age which was categorized as (18–44, 45–64, 65–74 and 75+). Outco...
Source: International Journal of Rehabilitation Research - November 8, 2021 Category: Rehabilitation Tags: Original articles Source Type: research

Dynamic balance recovery in chronic acquired brain injury participants following a perturbation training
This study aimed to investigate the effect of a perturbation method using mechatronic shoes that introduce unexpected balance perturbations on the recovery of dynamic balance and gait velocity in chronic ABI participants. In an intervention trial, 35 chronic ABI participants (stroke and traumatic brain injury) participated in 22 sessions of perturbation training, twice a week for 3 months. Dynamic balance was assessed pre- and post-training using Community Balance and Mobility Scale (CB&M). Gait velocity was also assessed in the stroke participants using the 10 Meter Walking Test (10MWT). Dynamic balance improved significa...
Source: International Journal of Rehabilitation Research - November 8, 2021 Category: Rehabilitation Tags: Original articles Source Type: research

Gait parameters assessed with inertial measurement unit during 6-minute walk test in people after stroke
Gait impairments are among the main issues for stroke survivors as they are often linked with a lack of endurance capacity, balance impairments and functional limitations. These conditions can be carefully assessed by combining an endurance capacity test, the 6-minute walk test (6MWT), with the analysis of gait performed by an inertial measurement unit (IMU). We investigated the evolution of gait spatiotemporal and kinematic parameters during the 6MWT and compared it with age-matched healthy subjects. Moreover, gait parameters and 6MWT distance were associated with clinical outcome scales. In a postacute rehabilitation gen...
Source: International Journal of Rehabilitation Research - November 8, 2021 Category: Rehabilitation Tags: Original articles Source Type: research

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