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Maternal Stroke Associated With Pregnancy
This article summarizes current knowledge of the epidemiology, pathophysiology, prevention, and treatment of cerebrovascular disease in pregnant and postpartum women. RECENT FINDINGS Stroke is a leading cause of maternal morbidity and mortality, and most fatal strokes are preventable. Adaptive physiologic changes of pregnancy, including hemodynamic changes, venous stasis, hypercoagulability, and immunomodulation, contribute to increased maternal stroke risk. The highest-risk time period for maternal stroke is the immediate postpartum period. Migraine and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, including gestational hyp...
Source: CONTINUUM: Lifelong Learning in Neurology - February 1, 2022 Category: Neurology Tags: REVIEW ARTICLES Source Type: research

Headache in Women
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Women are greatly overrepresented among patients seeking treatment for symptoms of headache pain in general and migraine in particular. Understanding the presentation of headache in women in relation to hormonal changes both during the menstrual cycle and throughout the life span is essential for appropriate diagnosis and treatment. RECENT FINDINGS Although perimenstrual migraine attacks are generally without aura, the diagnosis of migraine with aura has been added to the headache classification for menstrual migraine to account for women with the diagnosis of migraine with aura who experience ...
Source: CONTINUUM: Lifelong Learning in Neurology - June 1, 2021 Category: Neurology Tags: REVIEW ARTICLES Source Type: research

Stroke in Women
This article reviews sex differences in stroke risk and presentation, with a particular emphasis on the unique risk factors women experience throughout the lifespan. RECENT FINDINGS Although prior studies suggested women have worse outcomes after stroke, it is now clear that age, prestroke functional status, and comorbidities explain many of the differences between men and women in stroke severity, functional outcomes, and mortality. Several meta-analyses and large cohort studies have evaluated the risk factors for women related to reproductive factors and found that fewer years between menarche and menopause, pregnancy...
Source: CONTINUUM: Lifelong Learning in Neurology - April 1, 2020 Category: Neurology Tags: REVIEW ARTICLES Source Type: research

Ischemic Stroke in Young Adults
This article reviews current knowledge on epidemiology, risk factors and causes, diagnostic considerations, management, and prognosis of ischemic stroke in young adults (those 55 years old and younger). RECENT FINDINGS The incidence of ischemic stroke in young adults has been increasing since the 1980s, which has occurred in parallel with increasing prevalence of vascular risk factors and substance abuse among the younger population. Young adults have a considerably wider range of risk factors than older patients, including age-specific factors such as pregnancy/puerperium and oral contraceptive use. Behavioral risk fac...
Source: CONTINUUM: Lifelong Learning in Neurology - April 1, 2020 Category: Neurology Tags: REVIEW ARTICLES Source Type: research

Inherited and Uncommon Causes of Stroke
This article is a practical guide to identifying uncommon causes of stroke and offers guidance for evaluation and management, even when large controlled trials are lacking in these rarer forms of stroke. Recent Findings: Fabry disease causes early-onset stroke, particularly of the vertebrobasilar system; enzyme replacement therapy should be considered in affected patients. Cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL), often misdiagnosed as multiple sclerosis, causes migraines, early-onset lacunar strokes, and dementia. Moyamoya disease can cause either ischemic or he...
Source: CONTINUUM: Lifelong Learning in Neurology - February 1, 2017 Category: Neurology Tags: Review Articles Source Type: research